Figure 7
A summary of previous and present findings of cellular effects of khat-extract. Our studies have shown that exposure of various cell types (i.e. leukemic cell lines, normal oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts, normal peripheral leukocytes) to khat-extract in vitro affects various proteins involved in cell death, cell stress, cell cycle regulation, differentiation and cell signaling [26, 30, 31, 33, 37].