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Table 2 Summary of histopathology

From: Whole adult organism transcriptional profiling of acute metal exposures in male Zebrafish

Treatment

Morphological alterations

NiCl2

No significant changes observed in any tissues examined.

CoCl2

Acute damage only to the olfactory organs including various inflammatory, degenerative, metaplastic, and necrotic lesions extending from the nasal cavity to the lungs. Intranasal lesions include olfactory epithelium necrosis (5 L, 5 M, 5H), lymphocytic inflammation (3 L, 4 M, 4 H), reactive hyperplasia (0 L, 0 M, 1 H), and olfactory lamellae fusion (0 L, 1 M, 3 H).

Na2Cr2O7

Acute damage only to the gills, intestine, and pharynx. Gills exhibited multifocal lesions consisting of lamellar fusion (4 L, 4 M, 5 H), epithelial hyperplasia (3 L, 4 M, 5 H), mononuclear cell infiltration (1 C, 4 L, 4 M, 5 H), epithelial necrosis (0 L, 4 M, 5 H), presence of thrombi in vessels (0 L, 4 M, 3 H) and hemorrhage (0 L, 2 M, 3 H). Intestine exhibits moderate to moderately severe atrophy of the mucosal folds (5 L, 5 M, 5 H), mild mononuclear infiltration of the lamina propria (5 L, 5 M, 5H) and mild necrosis of mucosal epithelium (2 L, 3 M, 3 H). Pharynx exhibits epithelial atrophy characterized by decreased mucosal thickness and loss of mucous secreting cells; also accompanied by mononuclear cell infiltration (0 L, 2 M, 4 H). Necrosis of pharyngeal epithelium occurred in 1 H.

  1. Histopathological perturbations in zebrafish exposed to nickel, cobalt, or chromium for 24 hours. A total of five fish were examined per concentration including the control. In each case the numbers of instances of a finding are indicated in parentheses. C = control, L = low, M = mid and H = high concentration.