Prognosis of concomitant users of clopidogrel and proton-pump inhibitors in a high-risk population for upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 1 Characteristics of study participants diagnosed with cardiovascular disease

Characteristics	Death				Re-hospitalization for cardiovascular disease
	CVD* cohort		AMI** cohort		CVD* cohort		AMI** cohort
	Number (%)		Number (%)		Number (%)		Number (%)
*Total*	2219		673		2285		695
Men	1227	55%	365	54%	1269	56%	374	54%
Women	992	45%	308	46%	1016	44%	321	46%
*Age group, years*
<65	291	13%	57	8%	303	13%	62	9%
65-75	425	19%	95	14%	446	20%	98	14%
75-85	844	38%	280	42%	872	38%	292	42%
> = 85	659	30%	241	36%	664	29%	243	35%
*Upper gastrointestinal bleeding*
I. Bleeding before entry	1730	78%	513	76%	1773	78%	527	76%
II. Bleeding before entry and during the follow up	49	2%	22	3%	44	2%	20	3%
III. New bleeding during the follow up period	86	4%	41	6%	71	3%	33	5%
IV. Bleeding after endpoints	354	16%	97	14%	397	17%	115	17%
*Cardiovascular disease history*
No	1315	59%	456	68%	1361	60%	475	68%
Yes	904	41%	217	32%	924	40%	220	32%
*Comorbidities (number)*
0	1382	62%	328	49%	1426	62%	340	49%
1	628	28%	244	36%	643	28%	250	36%
2	173	8%	81	12%	178	8%	85	12%
≥3	36	2%	20	3%	38	2%	20	3%
*Drug exposure*
Current clopidogrel and PPIs§	309	14%	95	14%	403	18%	116	17%
No current PPIs or clopidogrel	861	39%	211	31%	905	40%	226	33%
Current only PPIs	847	38%	316	47%	812	36%	308	44%
Current only clopidogrel	202	9%	51	8%	165	7%	45	6%
*Patients with diagnosis of bleeding before entry*
Current clopidogrel and PPIs	252	14%	78	15%	244	13%	77	14%
No current PPIs or clopidogrel	659	37%	154	29%	702	39%	164	30%
Current only PPIs	714	40%	265	50%	713	39%	266	49%
Current only clopidogrel	154	9%	38	7%	158	9%	40	7%
subtotal	1779		535		1817		547

*CVD cardiovascular disease; **AMI acute myocardial infarction; §PPIs proton-pump inhibitors.

ISSN: 2050-6511