Table 3 Physicians’ and nurses’ knowledge about the causes of antibiotic resistances and antibiotic resistant bacteria
Variables | Physicians (n = 175) | Nurses (n = 210) | Total | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Yes N (%) | Yes N (%) | Yes N (%) | Â |
Causes of AMR | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Widespread or over use of antibiotics promotes AMR | 162 (92.5) | 147 (70) | 309 (80.5) | 0.001 |
Usage of broad- spectrum antibiotics promote AMR | 155 (88.5) | 147 (70) | 302 (78.4) | 0. 001 |
Bacterial mutations cause of AMR | 144 (82.3) | 132 (62.8) | 276 (71.6) | 0.001 |
Poor hand washing practice in hospitals spread AMR | 68 (38.8) | 90 (42.8) | 158 (41) | 0.56 |
Poor infection control in hospitals spread AMR | 104 (59.4) | 114 (54.3) | 218 (56.6) | 0.40 |
Patient poor adherence promote AMR | 160 (91.4) | 171 (81.4) | 331 (86) | 0.002 |
Sub-standard quality of antibiotics | 138 (78.8) | 158 (75.2) | 296 (76.8) | 0.42 |
Examples of antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospitals | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) | 39 (22.3) | 5 (2.5) | 44 (11.4) | 0.001 |
MDR-TB | 7 (4.1) | 85 (40.4) | 92 (23.9) | 0.001 |
P. aeruginosa | 10 (5.7) | 0 | 10 (5.7) | Â |
Local factors for development of AMR | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Self-prescription by patients | 133 (76.0) | 73 (34.7) | 206 (53.5) | 0.001 |
Lack of access to local antibiogram data | 28 (16.0) | 19 (9.0) | 47 (12.3) | 0.04 |
Prescribers’ poor awareness on AMR | 27 (15.4) | 8 (3.8) | 35 (9.2) | 0.001 |