Table 1 Positive, negative and conflicting findings from the included studies
From: A systematic review of the pathophysiology of 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity
Myocardium and hemodynamic function | |
|---|---|
Positive | Hemorrhagic infarction, interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory reaction in the myocardium [15, 16] |
Induction of apoptosis and increased oxidative stress [17] | |
Impaired antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation [18, 19] | |
Depletion of high energy phosphate compounds and accumulation of citrate in the myocardium [12] | |
Increased oxygen consumption [20] | |
Positive chronotropic effect on the sinus node [21] | |
Conflicting or unclarified | Increased/no change in iron levels in the myocardium [18, 19] |
Negative | No changes in magnesium, potassium, calcium or copper levels in the myocardium [18, 19] |
No changes in blood pressure and heart rate [12] | |
Arteries | |
Positive | Endothelial damage followed by platelet aggregation [9, 22–24] |
Decreased DNA synthesis, decreased total cellular protein levels and increased prostacyclin release from endothelial cells [25] | |
Rheological factors and RBCs | |
Positive | Changes in erythrocyte structure, function and metabolism [29–32] |
Negative | Decreased and not increased blood and plasma viscosity [33] |
Substances in blood samples | |
Positive | Rise in fibrinopeptide A activation and reduction in protein C activity compared with protein C antigen [10] |
Decrease in fibrinogen levels [33] | |
Decrease in coagulation factors II + VII + X and increase in lactic acid, NT-proBNP, von Willebrand factor and fibrin D-dimer levels and urine albumin-to-creatinine-ratio [8, 34] | |
Increased plasma levels of endothelin-1 [35] | |
Conflicting or unclarified | A trend towards increased levels of big endothelin [28] |
Negative | No change in angiotensin II levels [27] |