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Table 3 Determinants of saxagliptin use among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients within United Kingdom data sources

From: Determinants of saxagliptin use among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with oral anti-diabetic drugs

 

Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)*

Characteristic

Clinical Practice Research Datalink

The Health Improvement Network

 

Overall

Prior OAD use

No Prior OAD use

Overall

Prior OAD use

No Prior OAD use

 

(n = 21,446)

(n = 8,332)

(n = 890)

(n = 22,020)

(n = 8,621)

(n = 1,137)

Hemoglobin A1c >8%

1.26 (1.13-1.39)

1.21 (1.08-1.35)

1.66 (1.05-2.63)

1.17 (1.06-1.30)

1.12 (1.01-1.25)

1.39 (0.95-2.03)

Overweight vs. < 25 kg/m2

0.91 (0.78-1.07)

0.87 (0.73-1.03)

1.32 (0.67-2.62)

1.38 (1.15-1.67)

1.44 (1.17-1.76)

0.95 (0.48-1.87)

Obese vs. < 25 kg/m2

1.13 (0.99-1.29)

1.12 (0.97-1.30)

1.61 (0.88-2.94)

1.74 (1.45-2.09)

1.83 (1.50-2.22)

0.86 (0.44-1.68)

Smoking

0.93 (0.81-1.06)

0.94 (0.81-1.08)

0.73 (0.43-1.26)

1.03 (0.93-1.15)

1.03 (0.92-1.16)

0.86 (0.57-1.30)

Severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus

      

  Cardiovascular

1.05 (0.90-1.23)

1.03 (0.87-1.22)

1.49 (0.74-3.00)

0.97 (0.84-1.13)

1.01 (0.86-1.18)

0.74 (0.43-1.28)

  Cerebrovascular

0.79 (0.64-0.98)

0.80 (0.64-1.01)

0.52 (0.20-1.38)

0.87 (0.72-1.05)

0.89 (0.72-1.09)

0.65 (0.31-1.40)

  Nephropathy

1.08 (0.78-1.50)

1.05 (0.74-1.50)

1.40 (0.41-4.80)

1.75 (1.33-2.30)

1.77 (1.32-2.39)

1.79 (0.61-5.23)

  Peripheral vascular disease

0.88 (0.73-1.07)

0.90 (0.74-1.10)

0.54 (0.21-1.35)

0.83 (0.69-1.00)

0.83 (0.68-1.01)

1.32 (0.65-2.68)

  Retinopathy

1.11 (0.98-1.25)

1.06 (0.93-1.20)

2.25 (1.27-3.99)

1.20 (1.06-1.35)

1.14 (1.00-1.29)

2.63 (1.64-4.22)

Diagnoses

      

Allergic rhinitis/hay fever

0.83 (0.69-1.00)

0.88 (0.73-1.07)

0.36 (0.13-0.97)

0.92 (0.77-1.11)

0.99 (0.82-1.21)

0.52 (0.25-1.07)

Asthma

0.99 (0.83-1.17)

0.96 (0.80-1.15)

1.35 (0.63-2.86)

0.99 (0.84-1.17)

0.96 (0.80-1.15)

1.44 (0.79-2.64)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1.23 (1.03-1.46)

1.18 (0.98-1.42)

2.64 (1.34-5.18)

1.21 (1.03-1.43)

1.21 (1.01-1.44)

1.48 (0.79-2.77)

Collagen vascular disease/autoimmune disorders

0.96 (0.82-1.13)

0.94 (0.79-1.11)

1.40 (0.64-3.07)

1.01 (0.86-1.17)

1.03 (0.88-1.22)

1.11 (0.59-2.12)

Dermatologic disorders

1.08 (0.96-1.22)

1.12 (0.99-1.27)

0.50 (0.28-0.89)

1.10 (0.98-1.24)

1.14 (1.00-1.29)

0.97 (0.62-1.52)

Hyperlipidemia

1.19 (1.03-1.37)

1.14 (0.98-1.33)

2.08 (1.14-3.81)

1.21 (1.05-1.39)

1.18 (1.02-1.37)

1.04 (0.59-1.83)

Hypertension

0.86 (0.75-0.98)

0.83 (0.73-0.96)

1.14 (0.67-1.93)

0.88 (0.78-1.00)

0.86 (0.75-0.99)

1.39 (0.87-2.22)

Infectious diseases

1.16 (1.01-1.33)

1.14 (0.99-1.32)

1.63 (0.97-2.76)

1.10 (0.96-1.25)

1.08 (0.94-1.24)

1.30 (0.79-2.13)

Malignancy

0.98 (0.87-1.11)

0.95 (0.84-1.08)

1.78 (1.08-2.95)

0.95 (0.85-1.07)

0.96 (0.84-1.09)

0.83 (0.53-1.29)

Obesity

1.07 (0.93-1.23)

0.99 (0.85-1.15)

1.47 (0.83-2.60)

1.00 (0.87-1.16)

0.96 (0.83-1.13)

1.76 (1.03-3.02)

Other diseases

1.08 (0.94-1.25)

1.08 (0.93-1.26)

0.77 (0.40-1.46)

1.12 (0.97-1.28)

1.06 (0.92-1.23)

1.31 (0.78-2.19)

Drugs

      

Acetaminophen/paracetamol

0.95 (0.84-1.07)

0.96 (0.84-1.09)

0.80 (0.44-1.46)

0.92 (0.82-1.03)

0.88 (0.78-1.00)

1.18 (0.74-1.87)

Anti-asthmatic agents

0.96 (0.81-1.13)

1.03 (0.86-1.23)

0.50 (0.23-1.07)

0.92 (0.79-1.09)

0.96 (0.81-1.14)

0.78 (0.43-1.44)

Antibacterial agents

1.03 (0.92-1.16)

1.00 (0.89-1.13)

1.36 (0.82-2.26)

0.99 (0.88-1.11)

0.98 (0.87-1.10)

1.08 (0.69-1.69)

Anticonvulsants

1.16 (0.96-1.40)

1.19 (0.98-1.46)

0.87 (0.32-2.37)

1.07 (0.86-1.33)

1.05 (0.83-1.33)

0.95 (0.39-2.35)

Antihistamines

0.93 (0.76-1.14)

0.91 (0.73-1.12)

1.57 (0.61-4.04)

1.01 (0.83-1.23)

0.98 (0.79-1.22)

1.35 (0.65-2.77)

Antihyperlipidemic agents

1.33 (1.16-1.52)

1.21 (1.04-1.39)

2.79 (1.60-4.85)

1.32 (1.15-1.51)

1.19 (1.03-1.38)

2.41 (1.50-3.88)

Antihypertensive agents

      

  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

1.11 (0.98-1.26)

1.12 (0.99-1.28)

0.80 (0.44-1.47)

1.00 (0.88-1.12)

0.98 (0.86-1.11)

0.88 (0.55-1.41)

  Angiotensin receptor blockers

1.35 (1.16-1.57)

1.36 (1.16-1.60)

1.34 (0.65-2.75)

1.32 (1.14-1.52)

1.29 (1.11-1.51)

1.46 (0.83-2.58)

  Beta blockers

1.04 (0.90-1.19)

1.03 (0.89-1.18)

1.46 (0.78-2.72)

1.09 (0.96-1.24)

1.05 (0.92-1.21)

1.49 (0.90-2.45)

  Calcium channel blockers

1.00 (0.88-1.13)

1.04 (0.91-1.19)

0.29 (0.15-0.58)

0.94 (0.84-1.06)

0.99 (0.88-1.13)

0.51 (0.31-0.86)

  Loop diuretics

0.95 (0.80-1.12)

0.91 (0.76-1.09)

1.00 (0.46-2.19)

1.40 (1.20-1.63)

1.31 (1.11-1.55)

1.94 (1.07-3.52)

  Other antihypertensive agents

1.12 (0.97-1.29)

0.98 (0.81-1.19)

2.03 (0.82-5.03)

1.18 (1.02-1.36)

0.91 (0.74-1.12)

1.73 (0.76-3.95)

  Thiazide diuretics

1.01 (0.84-1.22)

1.18 (1.02-1.37)

0.39 (0.17-0.94)

0.97 (0.80-1.18)

1.27 (1.10-1.48)

0.54 (0.28-1.02)

Anti-infective agents

0.97 (0.74-1.28)

1.00 (0.75-1.34)

0.59 (0.13-2.64)

0.78 (0.60-1.02)

0.72 (0.54-0.95)

0.80 (0.29-2.26)

Antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents

0.91 (0.81-1.03)

0.90 (0.79-1.02)

1.16 (0.65-2.07)

1.05 (0.93-1.18)

1.01 (0.89-1.14)

1.53 (0.94-2.50)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents

0.98 (0.84-1.14)

0.90 (0.79-1.02)

0.71 (0.30-1.69)

0.98 (0.84-1.15)

1.05 (0.89-1.24)

0.48 (0.24-0.96)

Other medications

1.03 (0.89-1.19)

1.03 (0.89-1.20)

0.63 (0.31-1.29)

1.09 (0.95-1.25)

1.12 (0.97-1.30)

0.79 (0.44-1.41)

Psychotropic agents

0.94 (0.83-1.07)

0.99 (0.87-1.13)

0.51 (0.25-1.05)

0.95 (0.83-1.07)

0.97 (0.85-1.11)

0.58 (0.34-1.00)

  1. Abbreviations: OAD = oral anti-diabetic drug.
  2. *Odds ratios adjusted for all other variables in this table.