Table 1 Distribution of maternal blood cadmium concentrations (ng/g) (n = 319)

Child Gender

0.73

Male

164

4.43

(6.66)

Female

155

4.65

(5.53)

Gestation Time

0.12

Preterm (<37 weeks)

39

3.07

(4.70)

Normal(≥37 weeks)

280

4.74

(6.28)

Birth Weight

0.61

Low Birth Weight (<2500)

31

4.67

(5.93)

Normal Birth Weight(2500- < 4600)

281

4.58

(6.22)

High Birth Weight (>4600)

5

1.84

(1.40)

Maternal Age

0.35

Less than 30

187

4.93

(6.24)

30-39

125

3.96

(6.08)

40+

7

4.28

(2.94)

Maternal Race

0.03

African American

111

4.71

(4.65)

White

95

3.13

(5.07)

Hispanic

101

5.44

(7.63)

Other

12

6.48

(9.51)

Maternal BMI

0.48

Less than 18.5

9

5.39

(7.46)

18.5 to less than 25

111

4.20

(5.83)

25 to less than 30

78

4.88

(5.90)

30 to less than 35

39

2.95

(3.55)

35+

29

3.87

(4.25)

Maternal Smoking Status

0.01

Smoking Prior to Pregnancy

39

2.56

(3.13)

Smoking During Pregnancy

46

6.44

(4.79)

Never Smoke

225

4.42

(6.59)

Delivery Route

0.02

Vaginal

198

5.16

(6.72)

Cesarean section

120

3.50

(4.88)