Table 3 Summary of hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis data in dogs, Day 29 relative to start datea
From: A novel nasal powder formulation of glucagon: toxicology studies in animal models
Parameter | Group 1: Placebo control | Group 2: Saline control | Group 3: Low dose | Group 4: High dose | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hematology | ||||||||
Male (N = 9) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 9) | Male (N = 8) | Female (N = 9) | |
Red blood cells (1012/L) | 8.62 (0.433) | 8.08 (0.378) | 8.52 (0.298) | 8.14 (0.236) | 8.59 (0.441) | 8.19 (0.393) | 8.49 (0.379) | 8.26 (0.267) |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 149 (6.8) | 142 (6.2) | 148 (5.7) | 144 (3.1) | 149 (6.7) | 144 (6.4) | 147 (7.7) | 144 (3.7) |
Hematocrit (L/L) | 0.47 (0.019) | 0.44 (0.015) | 0.47 (0.019) | 0.45 (0.010) | 0.47 (0.023) | 0.44 (0.021) | 0.47 (0.027) | 0.45 (0.011) |
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) | 55.1 (1.69) | 54.5 (1.45) | 55.4 (1.16) | 55.1 (1.05) | 55.0 (1.21) | 54.3 (1.22) | 55.1 (2.07) | 54.7 (1.58) |
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) | 17.3 (0.35) | 17.6 (0.52) | 17.4 (0.25) | 17.7 (0.41) | 17.3 (0.37) | 17.5 (0.42) | 17.3 (0.71) | 17.4 (0.40) |
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (g/L) | 314 (4.6) | 323 (7.1) | 314 (3.0) | 321 (4.1) | 315 (3.9) | 323 (5.0) | 313 (6.5) | 319 (6.3) |
Platelets (109/L) | 926 (148.3) | 941 (105.1) | 966 (186.9) | 887 (123.7) | 895 (169.0) | 901 (136.8) | 864 (122.1) | 821 (194.5) |
% Reticulocytes (%) | 1.79 (0.652) | 1.66 (0.517) | 1.95 (0.477) | 1.57 (0.381) | 2.01 (0.377) | 1.76 (0.463) | 1.83 (0.320) | 1.66 (0.457) |
Reticulocytes (1012/L) | 0.152 (0.0491) | 0.133 (0.0379) | 0.165 (0.0364) | 0.128 (0.0318) | 0.171 (0.0219) | 0.143 (0.0363) | 0.155 (0.0257) | 0.136 (0.0363) |
White blood cells (109/L) | 8.44 (1.498) | 5.56 (1.867) | 9.08 (1.476) | 6.92 (1.547) | 9.41 (2.417) | 6.28 (2.144) | 8.90 (2.046) | 5.00 (1.472) |
Neutrophils (109/L) | 0.74 (0.188) | 0.40 (0.165) | 0.82 (0.299) | 0.39 (0.109) | 0.85 (0.263) | 0.47 (0.114) | 0.82 (0.264) | 0.43 (0.140) |
Lymphocytes (109/L) | 7.40 (1.349) | 4.94 (1.803) | 7.89 (1.294) | 6.21 (1.362) | 8.20 (2.338) | 5.59 (1.997) | 7.73 (2.029) | 4.37 (1.432) |
Monocytes (109/L) | 0.13 (0.049) | 0.11 (0.060) | 0.19 (0.044) | 0.16 (0.070) | 0.18 (0.058) | 0.10 (0.027) | 0.19 (0.080) | 0.09 (0.039) |
Eosinophils (109/L) | 0.10 (0.026) | 0.07 (0.023) | 0.11 (0.040) | 0.09 (0.034) | 0.10 (0.033) | 0.08 (0.017) | 0.09 (0.027) | 0.07 (0.033) |
Basophils (109/L) | 0.03 (0.010) | 0.02 (0.007) | 0.03 (0.010) | 0.02 (0.007) | 0.03 (0.019) | 0.02 (0.011) | 0.03 (0.012) | 0.02 (0.010) |
Leucocytes (109/L) | 0.04 (0.012) | 0.03 (0.015) | 0.04 (0.017) | 0.05 (0.039) | 0.05 (0.033) | 0.03 (0.027) | 0.05 (0.022) | 0.02 (0.011) |
Coagulation | ||||||||
Male (N = 9) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 9) | Male (N = 8) | Female (N = 9) | |
Prothrombin time (Sec) | 13.5 (0.53) | 13.3 (0.54) | 13.4 (0.35) | 13.7 (0.53) | 13.3 (0.34) | 13.5 (0.34) | 13.6 (0.41) | 13.7 (0.39) |
Activated partial thromboplastin time (Sec) | 17.1 (1.28) | 15.5 (2.78) (N = 9) | 16.5 (1.03) | 16.6 (1.25) | 16.8 (1.68) | 16.2 (0.97) | 16.1 (0.68) | 16.2 (1.05) |
Clinical chemistry | ||||||||
Male (N = 9) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 10) | |
Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 27 (4.5) | 29 (8.7) | 30 (5.4) | 30 (7.4) | 31 (8.7) | 34 (14.3) | 28 (7.1) | 31 (9.9) |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 138 (35.4) | 114 (18.1) | 124 (30.3) | 120 (25.5) | 148 (24.0) | 135 (44.6) | 130 (26.9) | 120 (49.3) |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 140 (25.9) | 70 (17.9) | 139 (19.9) | 70 (12.2) | 135 (28.3) | 65 (15.5) | 127 (30.3) | 55 (12.9) |
Total bilirubin (μmolL) | 2.1 (0.58) (N = 3) | 1.9 (0.14) (N = 2) | 2.0 (0.21) (N = 2) | 1.9 (0.00) (N = 2) | 1.9 (−) (N = 1) | 2.1 (0.21) (N = 3) | 2.2 (−) (N = 1) | 2.2 (0.29) (N = 4) |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.80 (0.561) | 1.85 (0.432) | 1.67 (0.311) | 1.84 (0.354) | 1.49 (0.416) | 2.0 (0.453) | 1.76 (0.288) | 1.75 (0.313) |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.57 (0.252) | 0.28 (0.050) | 0.57 (0.136) | 0.36 (0.113) | 0.55 (0.229) | 0.38 (0.108) | 0.57 (0.203) | 0.34 (0.088) |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.5 (1.06) | 6.9 (1.75) | 7.1 (0.85) | 8.5 (1.85) | 7.4 (0.92) | 8.1 (2.19) | 8.4 (2.41) | 9.1 (1.37) |
Total protein (g/L) | 59 (4.0) | 61 (5.8) | 59 (2.2) | 62 (2.9) | 59 (3.2) | 64 (3.5) | 61 (2.0) | 65 (4.5) |
Albumin (g/L) | 39 (2.3) | 44 (4.1) | 39 (0.9) | 43 (1.8) | 38 (2.6) | 45 (2.5) | 39 (1.7) | 48 (5.0) |
Globulin (g/L) | 20 (2.4) | 17 (2.4) | 21 (1.5) | 19 (2.1) | 21 (2.1) | 19 (1.5) | 22 (2.4) | 18 (2.0) |
Albumin/Globulin ratio | 2.0 (0.24) | 2.6 (0.30) | 1.9 (0.12) | 2.3 (0.26) | 1.8 (0.23) | 2.4 (0.17) | 1.8 (0.24) | 2.7 (0.53) |
Urea (mmol/L) | 5.0 (0.78) | 5.4 (0.87) | 4.6 (0.67) | 5.2 (0.69) | 5.1 (0.87) | 5.8 (1.01) | 5.6 (0.90) | 5.1 (0.40) |
Creatinine (μmolL) | 22 (3.3) | 28 (2.5) | 21 (3.0) | 28 (5.1) | 25 (2.9) | 28 (5.5) | 26 (2.0) | 29 (3.0) |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.55 (0.116) | 2.52 (0.064) | 2.60 (0.044) | 2.57 (0.069) | 2.59 (0.080) | 2.63 (0.093) | 2.60 (0.077) | 2.68 (0.075) |
Phosphate (mmol/L) | 2.45 (0.162) | 2.07 (0.126) | 2.53 (0.145) | 2.06 (0.249) | 2.54 (0.174) | 2.10 (0.224) | 2.54 (0.269) | 2.06 (0.213) |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 143 (1.1) | 143 (1.7) | 144 (1.5) | 142 (1.8) | 146 (1.0) | 145 (2.1) | 147 (1.4) | 146 (1.4) |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 5.1 (0.20) | 4.7 (0.39) | 5.0 (0.31) | 5.1 (0.35) | 5.2 (0.32) | 5.0 (0.47) | 5.3 (0.60) | 4.8 (0.26) |
Chloride (mmol/L) | 102 (1.9) | 105 (1.9) | 102 (1.6) | 104 (2.3) | 104 (0.9) | 105 (1.6) | 104 (1.7) | 105 (1.3) |
Urinalysis | ||||||||
Male (N = 9) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 10) | Male (N = 10) | Female (N = 9) | |
Volume (mL) | 7 (3.5) | 7 (5.6) | 9 (2.9) | 5 (2.6) | 7 (5.4) | 5 (2.4) | 10 (3.8) | 9 (6.7) |
Specific gravity | 1.030 (0.0090) | 1.028 (0.0138) | 1.024 (0.0077) | 1.027 (0.0083) | 1.027 (0.0112) | 1.026 (0.0079) | 1.024 (0.0068) | 1.021 (0.0156) |