Incorporating pharmacodynamic considerations into caffeine therapeutic drug monitoring in preterm neonates

Table 3 Summary of clinical interventions/adverse events in terms of re-intubation and tachycardia among dosing regimens

Dosing regimens	Number of patients going through re-intubation (%)		Number of patients having tachycardia (%)
Dosing regimens	Secondary to apnea of prematurity	Secondary to other respiratory etiologies	Number of patients having tachycardia (%)
40/5 mg/kg
q12h	4 (8.5 %)	7 (14.9 %)	21^*** (44.7 %)
20/5 mg/kg
q24h	4 (8.2 %)	8 (16.3 %)	5 (10.2 %)
q12h	0	1 (12.5 %)	4 (50.0 %)
5/5 mg/kg
q24h	2 (33.3 %)	0	1 (16.7 %)
q12h	0	1 (20.0 %)	0

^*** p < 0.001, regimen 40/5 mg/kg q12h led to significantly higher percentage of patients experiencing tachycardia secondary to caffeine citrate therapy than standard 20/5 mg/kg q24h

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