Table 2 Clinical characteristics of acute recreational drug intoxications
Number of cases, N = 210 (%) | |
|---|---|
Cardiovascular | |
Chest pain | 32 (15) |
Palpitations | 26 (12) |
Dyspnea | 18 (9) |
Hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg) | 5 (2) |
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg) | 3 (1) |
Tachycardia (>100 beats per minute) | 58 (28) |
Myocardial infarction | 2 (1) |
Arrhythmias | 2 (1) |
QTc >450 msec | 32 (15) |
Psychiatric | |
Anxiety, nervousness, or fear | 49 (23) |
Psychosis | 6 (3) |
Hallucinations | 8 (4) |
Agitation or aggression | 35 (17) |
Panic attack | 8 (4) |
Insomnia | 5 (2) |
Suicide ideation | 1 (<1) |
Neurologic | |
Unconscious (GCS <8) at presentation or pre-hospital | 43 (20) |
Impaired consciousness (GCS <15) at presentation or pre-hospital | 102 (49) |
Vertigo or dizziness | 16 (8) |
Headache | 6 (3) |
Paresthesias | 6 (3) |
Seizure | 13 (6) |
Tremor | 5 (2) |
Amnesia | 7 (3) |
Cerebellar features (e.g. ataxia) | 3 (1) |
Miosis | 16 (8) |
Mydriasis | 6 (3) |
Respiratory depression | 7 (3) |
Miscellanous | |
Hyperventilation | 12 (6) |
Nausea or vomiting | 38 (18) |
Diarrhoea | 1 (<1) |
Sweating | 8 (4) |
Malaise | 6 (3) |
Abdominal pain | 11 (5) |
Hyperthermia >39.0 °C | 1 (<1) |
Muscle cramps | 1 (<1) |
Pneumothorax | 1 (<1) |
Injuries (e.g. fracture, wound) | 1 (<1) |
Epistaxis | 2 (1) |
Elevated creatine kinase (>250 U/L) | 59 (28) |
Weakness, walking impairment | 2 (1) |