From: Pain sensitivity and analgesic use among 10,486 adults: the Tromsø study
Prevalence | Crude | Model A | Model B | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | HRa | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||
Persistent Rx analgesic useb | No | 10,062 | 96.0 | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref |
Yes | 424 | 4.0 | 1.58 | 1.37–1.83 | 1.45 | 1.25–1.68 | 1.33 | 1.14–1.55 | |
Self-reported analgesic use | |||||||||
Any use last four weeks | No use | 5,461 | 53.8 | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref |
OTC only | 3,292 | 32.4 | 1.32 | 1.22–1.42 | 1.14 | 1.05–1.23 | 1.11 | 1.03–1.21 | |
Rx only | 495 | 4.9 | 1.47 | 1.26–1.72 | 1.28 | 1.10–1.50 | 1.20 | 1.02–1.41 | |
Both OTC and Rx | 909 | 8.9 | 1.59 | 1.42–1.79 | 1.30 | 1.15–1.46 | 1.20 | 1.06–1.36 | |
Regular use last four weeksc | No use | 8,339 | 79.5 | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref |
Paracetamol onlyd | 593 | 5.7 | 1.30 | 1.13–1.49 | 1.07 | 0.93–1.23 | 1.03 | 0.90–1.19 | |
NSAIDs only | 668 | 6.4 | 1.28 | 1.13–1.46 | 1.16 | 1.02–1.33 | 1.11 | 0.97–1.27 | |
NSAIDs + paracetamold | 524 | 5.0 | 1.26 | 1.08–1.46 | 1.06 | 0.91–1.23 | 0.99 | 0.85–1.16 | |
Opioids only | 109 | 1.0 | 1.77 | 1.34–2.34 | 1.49 | 1.12–1.98 | 1.36 | 1.02–1.81 | |
Combinations w/opioids | 253 | 2.4 | 1.60 | 1.32–1.94 | 1.42 | 1.17–1.72 | 1.29 | 1.06–1.57 | |
Last 24 hourse | No | 9,502 | 92.4 | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref |
Yes | 776 | 7.6 | 1.67 | 1.50–1.87 | 1.48 | 1.32–1.66 | 1.40 | 1.25–1.57 |