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Table 8 Causality assessment with respect to antibiotics class (N = 202)

From: Causality and preventability assessment of adverse drug events of antibiotics among inpatients having different lengths of hospital stay: a multicenter, cross-sectional study in Lahore, Pakistan

Antibiotics Class

ATC code

Long length of stay

Short length of stay

Naranjo score

Total ADRs

Naranjo score

Total ADRs

Definitea

n (%)

Probableb

n (%)

Possiblec

n (%)

Doubtfuld

n (%)

Definitea

n (%)

Probableb

n (%)

Possiblec

n (%)

Doubtfuld

n (%)

β – Lactams

 Penicillins

J01C

1 (3.6)

15 (53.6)

4 (14.3)

8 (28.6)

28

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0

 Carbapenem

J01DH

0 (0.0)

5 (41.7)

3 (25.0)

4 (33.3)

12

1 (50.0)

1 (50.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2

 Cephalosporins

J01D

0 (0.0)

7 (36.8)

9 (47.4)

3 (15.8)

19

3 (30.0)

1 (10.0)

1 (10.0)

5 (50.0)

10

Total β - Lactams

1 (1.7)

27 (45.8)

16 (27.1)

15 (25.4)

59

4 (33.3)

2 (16.7)

1 (8.3)

5 (41.7)

12

Non- β Lactams

 Flouroquinolones

J01 M

4 (21.1)

6 (31.6)

7 (36.8)

2 (10.5)

19

0 (0.0)

5 (62.5)

2 (25.0)

1 (12.5)

8

 Aminoglycosides

J01G

2 (15.4)

4 (30.8)

5 (38.5)

2 (15.4)

13

0 (0.0)

1 (50.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (50.0)

2

 Macrolides

J01FA

2 (7.1)

5 (20.0)

12 (48.0)

6 (24.0)

25

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

1

 Tetracyclines

J01AA

0 (0.0)

3 (25.0)

4 (33.3)

5 (41.7)

12

2 (66.7)

0 (0.0)

1 (33.3)

0 (0.0)

3

 Lincosamide

J01FF

0 (0.0)

2 (28.6)

2 (28.6)

3 (42.9)

7

1 (25.0)

3 (75.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

4

 Glycopeptide

J01XA

2 (25.0)

3 (37.5)

1 (12.5)

2 (25.0)

8

0 (0.0)

2 (25.0)

5 (62.5)

1 (12.5)

8

 Oxazolidones

J01XX

0 (0.0)

2 (33.3)

4 (66.7)

0 (0.0)

6

0 (0.0)

1 (33.3)

1 (33.3)

1 (33.3)

3

 Imidazole derivatives

G01AF

1 (14.3)

3 (42.9)

2 (28.6)

1 (14.3)

7

0 (0.0)

2 (40.0)

3 (60.0)

0 (0.0)

5

Total Non β - Lactams

11 (11.3)

28 (28.9)

37 (38.1)

21 (21.7)

97

3 (8.8)

14 (41.2)

13 (38.2)

4 (11.8)

34

Total (β – Lactams + Non β – Lactams)

12 (7.7)

55 (35.3)

53 (33.9)

36 (23.1)

156

7 (15.2)

16 (34.8)

14 (30.4)

9 (19.6)

46

  1. aDefinite (≥ 9 score) ADRs are (1) followed a chronological sequence after the administration of drug or in which the drug had achieved a toxic concentration in the tissues or physiological fluid, and (3) could show improvement when the drug was withdrawal but reappeared on exposure
  2. bProbable (5–8 score) ADRs are (1) followed a chronological sequence after the administration of drug, (2) were in accordance to a recognized pattern of reactions, (3) were not confirmed by the exposure to the suspected drug but by the withdrawal of that drug, and (4) could not be described by features of the patient’s disease
  3. cPossible (1–4) ADRs are (1) could be described by features of the patient’s disease, (2) followed a chronological sequence after the administration of drug, and (3) were in accordance to a recognized pattern of reactions
  4. dDoubtful (≤0) are factors other than a drug are associated with the reactions
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BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology

ISSN: 2050-6511

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