Types of Bacteria
|
Studies
|
Number of isolates
|
Number of isolates resistant to
|
---|
AMO
|
AMC
|
AMP
|
CIP
|
CRO
|
SXT
|
ERY
|
GEN
|
MET
|
---|
S. aureus
|
Abraham and Wamisho
|
24
|
9
|
6
|
20
|
4
|
2
|
6
|
2
|
3
|
5
|
Alebachew et al
|
66
|
–
|
22
|
–
|
–
|
23
|
–
|
9
|
–
|
51
|
Asres et al.
|
56
|
–
|
9
|
–
|
7
|
–
|
19
|
9
|
7
|
6
|
Azene et al
|
208
|
165
|
–
|
–
|
18
|
37
|
140
|
72
|
26
|
22
|
Bitew et al
|
110
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
7
|
–
|
30
|
70
|
2
|
–
|
Kiflie et al
|
42
|
28
|
–
|
30
|
–
|
15
|
26
|
–
|
–
|
22
|
Desalegn et al
|
66
| |
20
|
63
|
26
|
54
|
37
|
29
|
26
|
–
|
Dessie et al
|
19
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
3
|
–
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
–
|
Godebo et al
|
73
|
–
|
–
|
67
|
10
|
15
|
44
|
58
|
12
|
57
|
Guta et al
|
45
|
45
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
16
|
–
|
–
|
9
|
–
|
Hailu et al
|
NDA
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
5(67)
|
–
|
16 (94)
|
30 (96)
|
–
|
20 (95)
|
Kahsay et al
|
73
|
13
|
–
|
13
|
–
|
–
|
1
|
–
|
9
|
36
|
Lema et al
|
68
|
45
|
8
|
58
|
6
|
–
|
23
|
20
|
5
|
50
|
Mama et al
|
47
|
–
|
–
|
45
|
2
|
7
|
3
|
7
|
2
|
–
|
Mengesha et al
|
40
|
37
|
20
|
36
|
–
|
36
|
–
|
9
|
4
|
34
|
Mohammed et al
|
39
|
34
|
–
|
–
|
8
|
8
|
15
|
24
|
7
|
30
|
Mulu et al., 2006
|
51
|
–
|
–
|
28
|
–
|
–
|
18
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
CoNS
|
Abraham and Wamisho
|
12
|
1
|
–
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
–
|
1
|
2
| |
Asres et al.
|
19
|
–
|
15
|
–
|
5
|
–
|
14
|
11
|
12
| |
Kiflie et al
|
13
|
11
|
–
|
11
|
–
|
5
|
8
|
–
|
–
| |
Desalegn et al
|
6
|
–
|
3
|
6
|
3
|
6
|
3
|
3
|
3
| |
Dessie et al
|
4
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
4
|
–
|
3
|
3
|
3
| |
Godebo et al
|
14
|
–
|
–
|
9
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
0
|
0
| |
Guta et al
|
26
|
4
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
13
|
–
|
–
|
13
| |
Lema et al
|
18
|
6
|
–
|
12
|
1
|
–
|
9
|
9
|
3
| |
Mama et al
|
21
|
–
|
–
|
19
|
5
|
6
|
3
|
8
|
4
| |
Mengesha et al
|
18
|
16
|
14
|
14
|
–
|
13
|
–
|
9
|
9
| |
Mohammed et al
|
16
|
13
|
–
|
–
|
3
|
8
|
7
|
8
|
3
| |
E. coli
|
Abraham and Wamisho
|
17
|
8
|
4
|
7
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
–
|
2
| |
Asres et al.
|
24
|
20
|
14
|
–
|
5
|
–
|
15
|
–
|
7
| |
Azene et al
|
82
|
70
|
–
|
–
|
21
|
55
|
55
|
43
|
12
| |
Bitew et al
|
49
|
–
|
35
|
35
|
5
|
10
|
22
|
–
|
5
| |
Kiflie et al
|
20
|
14
|
–
|
16
|
4
|
12
|
10
|
–
|
7
| |
Desalegn et al
|
45
|
–
|
21
|
45
|
18
|
18
|
27
|
–
|
21
| |
Dessie et al
|
24
|
–
|
17
|
23
|
16
|
20
|
–
|
–
|
13
| |
Godebo et al
|
30
|
–
|
–
|
23
|
1
|
20
|
6
|
–
|
0
| |
Guta et al
|
30
|
20
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
10
|
–
|
–
|
0
| |
Hailu et al
|
NDA
|
–
|
24 (33)
|
31 (33)
|
15 (33)
|
6 (24)
|
23 (30)
|
–
|
18 (33)
| |
Lema et al
|
14
|
10
|
7
|
9
|
–
|
–
|
9
|
–
|
–
| |
Mama et al
|
29
|
–
|
–
|
29
|
10
|
18
|
16
|
–
|
15
| |
Mengesha et al
|
6
|
4
|
6
|
6
|
1
|
4
|
–
|
2
|
–
| |
Mohammed et al
|
8
|
–
|
–
|
6
|
3
|
1
|
4
|
–
|
1
| |
Mulu et al., 2006
|
8
|
–
|
–
|
7
|
–
|
–
|
5
|
–
|
–
| |
P. aeruginosa
|
Abraham and Wamisho
|
16
|
13
|
13
|
14
|
0
|
5
|
11
|
–
|
2
| |
Asres et al.
|
8
|
8
|
7
|
–
|
1
|
–
|
7
|
–
|
2
| |
Azene et al
|
92
|
76
|
–
|
–
|
4
|
47
|
71
|
83
|
7
| |
Bitew et al
|
14
|
–
|
14
|
14
|
1
|
11
|
9
|
–
|
1
| |
Desalegn et al
|
18
|
–
|
18
|
18
|
0
|
18
|
12
|
–
|
9
| |
Dessie et al
|
6
|
–
|
6
|
6
|
2
|
5
|
–
|
–
|
0
| |
Godebo et al
|
74
|
–
|
–
|
72
|
4
|
7
|
65
|
–
|
8
| |
Guta et al
|
16
|
16
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
8
|
–
|
–
|
8
| |
Hailu et al
|
NDA
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
5 (26)
|
–
|
3 (9)
|
–
|
7 (23)
| |
Lema et al
|
7
|
6
|
7
|
6
|
–
|
–
|
7
|
–
|
1
| |
Mama et al
|
11
|
–
|
–
|
11
|
–
|
7
|
8
|
–
|
2
| |
Mengesha et al
|
11
|
11
|
11
|
11
|
9
|
11
|
–
|
3
|
–
| |
Mohammed et al
|
8
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
3
|
3
|
–
|
–
|
3
| |
Tekie
|
8
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
6
|
4
|
7
|
–
|
3
| |
K. pneumoniae
|
Abraham and Wamisho
|
12
|
8
|
4
|
12
|
0
|
3
|
3
|
–
|
3
| |
Asres et al.
|
15
|
14
|
12
|
–
|
4
|
13
|
13
|
–
|
9
| |
Azene et al
|
12
|
12
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
8
|
–
|
0
| |
Bitew et al
|
12
|
–
|
12
|
12
|
2
|
7
|
5
|
–
|
2
| |
Kiflie et al
|
14
|
14
|
–
|
14
|
2
|
8
|
9
|
–
|
3
| |
Desalegn et al
|
24
|
–
|
12
|
21
|
15
|
21
|
21
|
–
|
24
| |
Dessie et al
|
10
|
–
|
10
|
10
|
2
|
9
|
–
|
–
|
4
| |
Godebo et al
|
46
|
–
|
–
|
32
|
13
|
13
|
30
|
–
|
13
| |
Guta et al
|
32
|
25
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
9
|
–
|
–
|
12
| |
Hailu et al
|
NDA
|
–
|
10 (20)
|
15 (20)
|
4 (20)
|
2 (18)
|
8 (20)
|
–
|
11 (18)
| |
Mama et al
|
14
|
–
|
–
|
14
|
5
|
10
|
12
|
–
|
9
| |
Mengesha et al
|
29
|
29
|
19
|
26
|
11
|
25
|
–
|
13
|
8
| |
Mohammed et al
|
17
|
–
|
–
|
16
|
10
|
9
|
11
|
–
|
5
| |
P. mirabilis
|
Abraham and Wamisho
|
6
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
–
|
0
| |
Azene et al
|
55
|
48
|
–
|
–
|
9
|
35
|
45
|
51
|
5
| |
Bitew et al
|
7
|
–
|
4
|
5
|
2
|
5
|
5
|
–
|
2
| |
Desalegn et al
|
18
|
–
|
9
|
18
|
0
|
6
|
3
|
–
|
6
| |
Godebo et al
|
107
|
–
|
–
|
77
|
8
|
8
|
81
|
–
|
35
| |
Guta et al
|
12
|
11
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
8
|
–
|
–
|
6
| |
Hailu et al
|
NDA
|
–
|
12 (22)
|
17 (22)
|
5 (22)
|
8 (18)
|
7 (17)
|
–
|
5 (22)
| |
Lema et al
|
47
|
24
|
20
|
31
|
4
|
–
|
21
|
–
|
4
| |
Mama et al
|
23
|
–
|
–
|
21
|
4
|
15
|
9
|
–
|
6
| |
Mengesha et al
|
15
|
15
|
7
|
13
|
7
|
11
|
–
|
9
|
3
| |
Mohammed et al
|
6
|
–
|
–
|
6
|
2
|
1
|
5
|
–
|
2
| |
- ---, Not tested, NDA Number of isolates is different among antimicrobial agents tested as indicated in parenthesis of the corresponding rows, AMO Amoxicillin, AMP Ampicillin, AMC Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, SXT Cotrimoxazole, CRO Ceftriaxone, CIP Ciprofloxacin, GEN Gentamicin, ERY Erythromycin