Table 1 Characteristics of studies describing the magnitude and causes of first-line regimen change
Author (year of publication) | Quality Score | Study design | Study setting (region) | Year of study | Included Age group (in year) | Sample size | Number of cases (first line ART regimen change) | Number of each causes/reasons reported for regimen change | No | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wube M et al. (2013) [31] | 7 | Retrospective cross sectional | Nekemt hospital, | 2010 | ≥15 years | 142 | NA | Toxicity/side effect | 114 | 80.3 |
Pregnancy | 9 | 6.3 | ||||||||
TB co morbidity | 8 | 5.6 | ||||||||
Drug stock out | 7 | 4.9 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 4 | 2.8 | ||||||||
Zeleke A (2016) [27] | 6.5 | Retrospective cross sectional | University of Gondar Hospital | 2014 | < 15 years | 225 | 101 (44.9%) | Side effects | 29 | 12.9 |
Diagnosis of TB | 32 | 14.2 | ||||||||
Program shift from D4T to AZT or TDF | 32 | 14.2 | ||||||||
Stock out of drugs | 5 | 2.2 | ||||||||
Sisay MS et al., (2018) [28] | 7 | Retrospective follow up | Selected hospitals in Amhara National Regional State | 2016 | < 15 years | 824 | 299 (36.3%) | Drug stock out | 145 | 48.5 |
Drug side effects/toxicity | 72 | 24.1 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 67 | 22.4 | ||||||||
New TB case | 8 | 2.7 | ||||||||
Other | 7 | 2.3 | ||||||||
Jima Y et al. (2013) [15] | 7 | Retrospective cross sectional | Selected health facilities in Addis Ababa | 2010 | ≥18 years | 300 | NA | Toxicity | 195 | 65.0 |
TB Co-morbidity | 75 | 25.0 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 15 | 5.0 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 9 | 3.0 | ||||||||
Adherence difficulty | 6 | 2.0 | ||||||||
Anlay DZ et al. (2016) [32] | 8 | Retrospective follow up | University of Gondar Hospital | 2015 | ≥15 years | 410 | 88 (21.5%) | Side effects | 62 | 70.45 |
Tuberculosis | 18 | 20.45 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 4 | 4.5 | ||||||||
Virological failure | 3 | 3.4 | ||||||||
Occurrence of hepatitis B with chronic liver diseases | 1 | 1.1 | ||||||||
Kasu B et al. (2017) [43] | 6.5 | Retrospective cross sectional | Asella referral Hospital | 2015 | All | 1468 | 221 (15.1%) | Drug toxicity | 84 | 38.0 |
Treatment failure | 54 | 24.4 | ||||||||
Poor adherence | 51 | 23.1 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 21 | 9.5 | ||||||||
Co-morbidity due to TB | 11 | 4.9 | ||||||||
Gebremedhin L et al. (2014) [44] | 6 | Retrospective cross sectional | Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle | 2013 | All | 720 | 157 (21.8%) | Toxicity | 119 | 75.8 |
Tuberculosis | 22 | 14.0 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 15 | 9.6 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 1 | 0.6 | ||||||||
Teklay G et al. (2013) [45] | 7.5 | Retrospective cross sectional | Jimma University Specialized Hospital | 2012 | All | 403 | 257 (62.8%) | Weight gain | 129 | 50.2 |
Toxicity | 77 | 30.0 | ||||||||
TB treatment interaction | 44 | 17.1 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 8 | 3.3 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 1 | 0.4 | ||||||||
Geremew A et al. (2014) [33] | 7.5 | Retrospective cross sectional | Jimma University Specialized Hospital | 2013 | ≥ 18 years | 324 | 121 (37.3%) | Toxicity/side effect | 86 | 71.1 |
Treatment failure | 25 | 20.7 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 7 | 5.8 | ||||||||
New TB | 3 | 2.5 | ||||||||
Mulugeta A et al. (2012) [34] | 7 | Cross sectional | Dessie Regional Referral Hospital | 2007 | ≥ 18 years | 122 | NA | Toxicity | 80 | 65.6 |
TB Co-morbidity | 17 | 13.9 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 14 | 11.5 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 8 | 6.6 | ||||||||
Adherence difficulty | 3 | 2.4 | ||||||||
Woldemedhin B et al. (2012) [46] | 6 | Retrospective cross sectional | Hawasa referral Hospital and shashemene referral Hospital | 2010 | All | 340 | NA | Toxicity | 230 | 67.6 |
Co-morbidity with TB | 65 | 19.1 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 36 | 10.6 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 9 | 2.6 | ||||||||
Assefa D et al. (2014) [35] | 6.5 | Retrospective cross sectional | Fitche Hospital | 2013 | ≥ 18 years | 68 | NA | Toxicity | 56 | 72.7 |
Co-morbidity TB | 2 | 2.6 | ||||||||
New drug available | 7 | 9.1 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 11 | 14.2 | ||||||||
Patient refused to take the drug | 1 | 1.3 | ||||||||
Yirdaw B et al. (2014) [42] | 6 | Retrospective | Felege Hiwot referral hospital | 2013 | ≥ 15 years | 387 | 189 (49.2%) | NA |  |  |
Kassie Y et al. (2014) [36] | 6 | Retrospective cross sectional | Bedele Hospital | 2013 | ≥ 18 years | 84 | NA | Toxicity | 63 | 75.0 |
Co-morbidity due to TB | 10 | 11.9 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 10 | 11.9 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 1 | 1.2 | ||||||||
Haile D, et al. (2016) [37] | 7 | Retrospective cohort study | Selected Hospitals in Bale | 2014 | ≥ 15 years | 4809 | 1630 (33.9%) | NA |  |  |
Tadesse W et al. (2014) [38] | 7.5 | Cross sectional | University of Gondar Hospital | 2012 | ≥ 18 years | 384 | 78 (20.3%) | Adverse drug reaction | 62 | 79.5 |
Treatment failure | 10 | 12.8 | ||||||||
Tuberculosis co-morbidity | 4 | 5.1 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 2 | 2.6 | ||||||||
Bilie B et al. (2017) [39] | 7.5 | Retrospective | Jimma University Specialized Hospital | 2013 | ≥ 18 years | 1284 | 615 (47.9%) | Toxicity | 301 | 48.9 |
TB Comorbidity | 88 | 14.3 | ||||||||
Phaseout | 124 | 20.2 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 24 | 3.9 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 4 | 0.6 | ||||||||
Drug out of stock | 3 | 0.5 | ||||||||
Hepatitis | 1 | 0.2 | ||||||||
Unknown | 70 | 11.4 | ||||||||
Tadesse B et al. (2017) [29] | 8 | Prospective cohort | Selected hospitals in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region | 2016 | <  18 years | 628 | 253 (42.6%) | Toxicity or side effects | 39 | 14.7 |
TB co-infection | 2 | 0.8 | ||||||||
National Guideline Change | 187 | 70.3 | ||||||||
Yassin S et al. (2017) [30] | 7 | Retrospective cohort | Fiche and Kuyuhospitals | 2015 | < 15 years | 269 | 131 (48.7%) | NA |  |  |
Bokore A, et al. (2018) [40] | 7 | Retrospective cross sectional | East and west Wollega health institutions | 2017 | ≥ 18 years | 243 | NA | Peripheral neuropathy | 146 | 60.1 |
Hepatotoxicity | 22 | 9.1 | ||||||||
d4t faith out | 18 | 7.4 | ||||||||
CNS toxicity | 16 | 6.6 | ||||||||
Anemia | 16 | 6.6 | ||||||||
Rash | 15 | 5.3 | ||||||||
Others | 10 | 4.9 | ||||||||
Mekonnen E et al. (2018) [41] | 7.5 | Retrospective cohort | Jimma University Tertiary Hospital | 2014 | ≥ 18 years | 1533 | 731 (47.7%) | Drug toxicities | 431 | 58.9 |
A new TB treatment | 120 | 16.4 | ||||||||
Pregnancy | 29 | 3.9 | ||||||||
Treatment failure | 24 | 3.3 | ||||||||
Others | 127 | 17.4 |