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Table 2 Antimicrobial activity of phytoconstituents isolated from Symplocos racemosa bark

From: Bioprospecting the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activity of Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Bark phytoconstituents along with their biosafety evaluation and detection of antimicrobial components by GC-MS

Test Organismsb

Average zone of inhibition (mm)**

Flavonoids

Saponins

Cardiac Glycosides

Gentamicin¥

Chloramphenicol¥

SA

19.66 ± 0.333

-*

15.66 ± 0.333

34.5 ± 0.50

26 ± 1.00

SE

22.33 ± 0.333

–

16.33 ± 0.333

26.5 ± 0.50

28.5 ± 0.50

EC

23 ± 1

–

–

31 ± 1.00

25 ± 0

EF

–

–

12.33 ± 0.333

27.5 ± 0.50

26.5 ± 0.50

KP1

20.33 ± 0.333

14.33 ± 0.333

25.66 ± 0.333

40.5 ± 0.50

38 ± 1.00

KP2

25.66 ± 0.333

–

19.33 ± 0.333

37.5 ± 1.50

26.5 ± 0.50

SF

16.66 ± 0.333

–

–

30.5 ± 0.50

27.5 ± 0.50

ST1

16 ± 0

–

–

35 ± 0

23 ± 0

ST2

24 ± 0.577

–

17 ± 0

43 ± 1.00

40.5 ± 0.50

PA

21.66 ± 0.333

–

15.66 ± 0.333

40.5 ± 0.50

28.5 ± 0.50

CA

25.66 ± 0.333

15.33 ± 0.333

25 ± 0

36.5 ± 0.50a

ND

CT

17.33 ± 0.333

–

–

27.5 ± 0. 50a

ND

MRSA

24.33 ± 0.666

–

17.66 ±0.333

42 ± 0

39.5 ± 0.50

  1. Concentrations used: Flavonoids- 54.75 mg/mL; Saponins- 41.6 mg/mL; Cardiac glycosides- 59.5 mg/mL; ¥Concentration used: 1 mg/mL
  2. *No activity; ** Values are expressed as Mean ± SEM of three determinations; ND– not done
  3. aAmphotericin B (1 mg/mL); b Organisms- SA- Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 740); SE- Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 435); EC- Escherichia coli (MTCC 119); EF- Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC 439); KP1- Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (MTCC 109); KP2- Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 (MTCC 530); SF- Shigella flexneri (MTCC 1457); ST1- Salmonella Typhimurium 1 (MTCC 98); ST2- Salmonella Typhimurium 2 (MTCC 1251); PA- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 741); CA- Candida albicans (MTCC 227); CT- Candida tropicalis (MTCC 230); MRSA- Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus