Fig. 5

The PD-induced reduction in systemic bone formation was reversed by LLP2A-Ale+/− MSCs. a Representative distal femoral metaphysis images in each group. All mice received double calcein labeling before euthanization (green arrows). White arrows indicate some transplanted td-Tomato⁺ MSCs, some of which were positive for calcein and appeared yellow (yellow arrow). b Quantitative measurements of the trabecular bone area, mineral apposition rate, and surface-based bone formation rate at the right distal femur. * p < 0.05 for comparisons of the indicated groups