Table 1 Summary of 29 patients with dermal tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) exposure in Taiwan
Case No | Age/sex | Concentration of TMAH (%) | Exposed BSA | Elapsed time to decontamination | Decontamination time | Diphoterine | Clinical manifestations | Laboratory abnormalities | Treatment/outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 34/M | 25% | 5% BSA | 5 min | > 15 min | Used | First to second degree chemical burn, dyspnea, drowsiness, bradycardia | Leukocytosis, hypokalemia | Supportive, intensive care /survived |
2 | 29/M | 25% | 2% BSA | N/A | 15 min | None | Second-degree chemical burn | All normal | Supportive, intensive care /survived |
3 | 22/M | 25% | 1% BSA | < 1 min | N/A | Used | First-degree chemical burn | All normal | Supportive/survived |
4 | 27/M | 25% | < 1%BSA | < 1 min | N/A | Used | First-degree chemical burn | All normal | Supportive/survived |
5 | 46/M | 25% | < 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
6 | 48/M | 25% | 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
7 | 23/M | 20% diluted | 1% BSA | < 1 min | N/A | Used | First-degree chemical burn | All normal | Supportive/survived |
8 | 25/M | 2.38% | < 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
9 | 25/F | 2.38% | < 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | Used | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
10 | 36/M | 2.38% | < 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
11 | 28/M | 2.38% | < 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
12 | 23/F | 2.38% | < 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | None | None | Supportive/survived |
13 | 35/M | 2.38% | 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | None | Supportive/survived |
14 | 29/M | 2.38% | < 1% BSA | < 5 min | 30 min | None | None | None | Supportive/survived |
15 | 37/M | 2.38% | < 1% BSA | < 5 min | 30 min | None | None | None | Supportive/survived |
16 | 33/M | 2.38% | < 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | None | Supportive/survived |
17 | 34/M | 2.38% | 2% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | None | Supportive/survived |
18 | 36/M | 2.36% | < 2% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | None | All normal | Supportive/survived |
19 | 43/M | 2.38% | N/A (Right arm) | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
20 | 23/M | 0.50% | Nearly entire body | 30 min | 20 min | None | None | All normal | Supportive/survived |
21 | 26/M | 0.50% | Nearly entire body | 30 min | 20 min | None | None | Leukocytosis | Supportive/survived |
22 | 27/M | N/A | < 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
23 | 22/M | N/A | 1% BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |
24 | 34/M | N/A | < 1% BSA | N/A | 20 min | None | None | All normal | Supportive/survived |
25 | 39/M | N/A | < 1% BSA | N/A | 15 min | None | First-degree chemical burn | All normal | Supportive/survived |
26 | 30/M | 3% | N/A (Bil. forearm) | N/A | N/A | None | None | All normal | Supportive/survived |
27 | 27/F | N/A | < 1% BSA | 40 min | 30 min | None | First-degree chemical burn | None | Supportive/survived |
28 | 25/F | N/A | < 1%BSA | N/A | N/A | None | First-degree chemical burn | All normal | Supportive/survived |
29 | 22/F | 1–3% | < 1%BSA | None | None | None | First-degree chemical burn | N/A | Supportive/survived |