Fig. 3

Effect of topical administration of landiolol during ischemic/reperfusion injury The topical administration of landiolol significantly dilated the pial arterioles during ischemia/reperfurion injury [ischemia (Isch): 30.6 ± 38.6%, 5 min: 47.3 ± 42.2%, 10 min: 47.8 ± 34.2%, 20 min: 38.0 ± 39.0%, 40 min: 6.6 ± 23.0%, 60 min: 12.8 ± 29.7%, 80 min: 2.5 ± 24.3%, 100 min: 3.1 ± 24.9%, *: p < 0.05 compared with control]. The vasodilatory effect of landiolol reaches a peak 5 to 10 min after injection, and pial arteriole diameter then gradually recovers to baseline (Base) level over 120 min. In the control group, the pial arterioles significantly constricted during global brain ischemia. The arteriole diameter recovers to baseline after unclamping, and then gradually decreases over 120 min