Table 1 Baseline and clinical characteristics of patients with hypophosphatemia (Phosphate < 0.74 mmol/L)), normophosphatemia (Phosphate 0.74-1.52 mmol/L) and hyperphosphatemia (Phosphate > 1.52 mmol/L)

Age (years), median (Q1, Q3)

62 (42, 75)

67 (50, 76)

66 (56, 75)

0.09

Female sex, n (%)

87 (46.3)

353 (40.8)

156 (42.3)

0.38

 Medical

185 (98.4)

849 (98.2)

362 (98.1)

0.94

 Surgical

3 (1.6)

15 (1.7)

6 (1.6)

 Non-operative trauma

0 (0)

1 (0.12)

1 (0.3)

 APACHE II, median (Q1, Q3)

19 (15, 24)

21 (16, 26)

26 (21, 30)

< 0.0001

 Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

83 (44.2)

411 (47.5)

233 (63.1)

< 0.0001

 GCS, median (Q1, Q3)

14 (10, 15)

14 (10, 15)

13 (8, 15)

0.006

 Vasopressor, n (%)

84 (44.7)

406 (46.9)

242 (65.6)

< 0.0001

 PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, median (Q1, Q3)

216 (132, 316)

216 (132, 316)

171 (108, 361)

< 0.0001

 Chronic respiratory disease, n (%)

7 (3.7)

56 (6.5)

17 (4.6)

0.20

 Chronic cardiac disease, n (%)

30 (15.9)

252 (29.1)

133 (36.0)

< 0.0001

 Chronic liver disease, n (%)

14 (7.5)

48 (5.6)

36 (9.8)

0.03

 Chronic immunosuppression, n (%)

43 (22.9)

177 (20.5)

58 (15.7)

0.07

 Chronic renal disease, n (%)

4 (2.1)

19 (2.2)

25 (6.8)

0.0001

 Acute Kidney Injury, n (%)

14 (7.5)

144 (16.7)

132 (35.8)

< 0.0001

 Renal replacement therapy

8 (4.3)

64 (7.4)

78 (21.1)

< 0.0001

 Creatinine (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)

67 (50,98)

90 (60,154)

188 (111, 302)

< 0.0001

 INR, median (Q1, Q3)

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)

1.5 (1.2, 2)

< 0.0001

 Platelet (10⁹/L), median (Q1, Q3)

164 (89, 255)

203 (119.5, 308)

164 (90, 289)

< 0.0001

 Average phosphate level (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)

0.6 (0.5, 0.7)

1.09 (0.9, 1.3)

1.9 (1.7, 2.2)

< 0.0001

 Lactic acid (μmol/L), median (Q1,Q3)

2.2 (1.3, 4.3)

1.9 (1.2, 3.3)

3.09 (1.5, 6.9)

< 0.0001

 Estimated GFR, median (Q1, Q3)

93.6 (58.5, 139.5)

70.4 (37.2, 117.1)

27.6 (17.6, 54.1)

< 0.0001