Table 3 Number of reports and crude reporting odds ratio of acute kidney injury associated with anti-infectives
Classification (ATC code) | Total (n) | Case (n) | Crude RORa (95% CIb) |
|---|---|---|---|
Total | 534,688 | 21,727 | |
Antibacterials | |||
Tetracyclines (J01AA) | 1763 | 75 | 1.05 (0.83–1.32) |
Amphenicols (J01BA) | 49 | 0 | –c |
Penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA) | 3264 | 121 | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) |
Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins (J01CE) | 93 | 6 | 1.63 (0.71–3.72) |
Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins (J01CF) | 0 | 0 | –c |
Beta-lactamase inhibitors (J01CG) | 0 | 0 | –c |
Combinations of penicillins, incl. Beta-lactamase inhibitors (J01CR) | 2121 | 292 | 3.81 (3.36–4.31)d |
First-generation cephalosporins (J01DB) | 1484 | 46 | 0.75 (0.56–1.01) |
Second-generation cephalosporins (J01DC) | 1902 | 101 | 1.33 (1.08–1.62)d |
Third-generation cephalosporins (J01DD) | 7551 | 341 | 1.12 (1.002–1.25)d |
Fourth-generation cephalosporins (J01DE) | 1318 | 128 | 2.55 (2.12–3.06)d |
Monobactams (J01DF) | 21 | 4 | 5.56 (1.87–16.51)d |
Carbapenems (J01DH) | 3551 | 313 | 2.30 (2.05–2.59)d |
Other cephalosporins and penems (J01DI) | 132 | 9 | 1.73 (0.88–3.40) |
Trimethoprim and derivatives (J01EA) | 0 | 0 | –c |
Intermediate-acting sulfonamides (J01EC) | 36 | 7 | 5.70 (2.50–13.01)d |
Long-acting sulfonamides (J01ED) | 4 | 0 | –c |
Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. Derivatives (J01EE) | 2738 | 261 | 2.51 (2.20–2.85)d |
Macrolides (J01FA) | 5283 | 200 | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) |
Lincosamides (J01FF) | 757 | 55 | 1.85 (1.41–2.44)d |
Streptogramins (J01FG) | 2 | 0 | –c |
Streptomycins (J01GA) | 153 | 9 | 1.48 (0.75–2.89) |
Other aminoglycosides (J01GB) | 932 | 258 | 9.13 (7.91–10.55)d |
Fluoroquinolones (J01MA) | 8571 | 494 | 1.45 (1.33–1.59)d |
Other quinolones (J01MB) | 24 | 3 | 3.37 (1.01–11.31)d |
Combinations of antibacterials (J01RA) | 638 | 11 | 0.41 (0.23–0.75) |
Glycopeptide antibacterials (J01XA) | 2752 | 596 | 6.68 (6.10–7.32)d |
Polymyxins (J01XB) | 137 | 107 | 84.62 (56.43–126.89)d |
Steroid antibacterials (J01XC) | 2 | 0 | –c |
Imidazole derivatives (J01XD) | 667 | 12 | 0.43 (0.24–0.77) |
Nitrofuran derivatives (J01XE) | 0 | 0 | –c |
Other antibacterials (J01XX) | 2119 | 107 | 1.26 (1.03–1.53)d |
Antimycotics | |||
Antibiotics (J02AA) | 1337 | 299 | 6.88 (6.05–7.83)d |
Imidazole derivatives (J02AB) | 100 | 1 | –c |
Triazole derivatives (J02AC) | 3130 | 315 | 2.67 (2.37–3.00)d |
Other antimycotics for systemic use (J02AX) | 1148 | 161 | 3.87 (3.28–4.58)d |