Table.4 Summary of the biochemical parameters of the rats in 28-day subacute toxicity study (n = 12)

Serum Na (mmol/L)

142.70 ± 0.49

142.10 ± 0.31

141.90 ± 0.42

142.20 ± 0.42

Serum K (mmol/L)

4.78 ± 0.19

5.13 ± 0.40

4.55 ± 0.14

5.12 ± 0.22

Sodium: Potassium ratio

30.48 ± 1.19

29.20 ± 1.72

31.84 ± 0.99

28.35 ± 1.22

Serum Cl (mmol/L)

106.00 ± 0.66

107.40 ± 0.56

105.80 ± 0.33

106.30 ± 0.37

Urea ((mmol/L)

6.66 ± 0.35

6.18 ± 0.22

6.36 ± 0.24

6.18 ± 0.11

Creatinine (µmol/L)

24.83 ± 1.19

26.07 ± 1.73

25.21 ± 1.14

22.38 ± 0.85

Total Protein (g/dL)

70.75 ± 0.52

72.33 ± 1.03

71.36 ± 0.87

72.50 ± 0.82

Albumin (g/L)

34.50 ± 0.66

35.45 ± 0.49

35.00 ± 0.36

36.42 ± 0.66

Globulin (g/L)

36.25 ± 0.87

36.67 ± 0.77

36.36 ± 0.90

35.82 ± 1.01

Albumin: Globulin ratio

0.96 ± 0.04

0.96 ± 0.02

0.97 ± 0.03

1.03 ± 0.05

Glucose (mmol/L)

6.27 ± 0.28

7.06 ± 0.33

6.92 ± 0.30

7.01 ± 0.59

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.48 ± 0.07

1.59 ± 0.09

1.61 ± 0.07

1.36 ± 0.10

ALP (U/L)

220.00 ± 48.98

167.50 ± 12.86

153.20 ± 10.17

170.50 ± 9.61

ALT(U/L)

60.36 ± 4.45

69.36 ± 8.76

60.73 ± 4.75

69.50 ± 6.45

AST (U/L)

172.80 ± 12.07

132.30 ± 17.92

99.45 ± 6.78*

177.20 ± 33.45

Note. Data was stated as Mean ± Standard Error of the Mean (SEM). *Significantly different from the control group, p < 0.05.