Groups Variable | Control | Tramadol | Tramadol + single Quercetin | Tramadol + chronic quercetin | Tramadol + single Quercetin + Naloxone | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liver | SOD (U/ml) | 628.36 [604.3, 712.7] | 673.3 [557.5, 686.7] | 726.5[580.3, 898.5] | 617.8 [594.6, 644.3] | 759.4 [590.6, 855.48] |
NOx (μmol/l) | 15.2 ± 1.8 | 14.5 ± 2.1 | 11.7 ± 2.4 | 10.6 ± 0.5* | 12.9 ± 2.5 | |
MDA (μmol/l) | 11.9 ± 3.9 | 8.7 ± 2.2 | 14.4 ± 2.1**,†,††| 9.5 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 3.2 | |
Kidney | SOD(U/ml) | 832.2 ± 72.4 | 665.2 ± 78.7 | 758.7 ± 117.7 | 686.4 ± 83.7 | 741.9 ± 62.7 |
NOx (μmol/l) | 16.1 ± 2.9 | 21.3 ± 8.3* | 16.8 ± 2.2 | 12.44 ± 1.6** | 16.34 ± 1.2 | |
MDA (μmol/l) | 20 ± 1.7 | 19 ± 2.6 | 21.5 ± 1.8 | 18.6 ± 2.1 | 20.7 ± 2.9 | |
Heart | SOD(U/ml) | 695.3 ± 183 | 792.3 ± 136.7 | 948 ± 95 | 725.3 ± 268 | 651 ± 120 |
NOx (μmol/l) | 11.2 [10.6,12.25] | 11.06 [9.3, 13.1] | 12.6 [10.5,15.6] ††| 11.9 [11.9, 14.1] ††| 9.5 [7.08, 10.7] | |
MDA (μmol/l) | 17.9 ± 4.2 | 10.2 ± 2.5* | 9.4 ± 0.7* | 8.6 ± 0.5* | 8.9 ± 0.9* | |
Cerebellum | SOD(U/ml) | 292.3 ± 21.26 | 319.8 ± 35.5 | 298.6 ± 19.7 | 278.9 ± 20.7 | 295.5 ± 27.06 |
NOx (μmol/l) | 8.08 ± 1.3 | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 7.64 ± 1.2 | 8.49 ± 1.4 | 8.01 ± 1.5 | |
MDA (μmol/l) | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 1.5 | |
Cortex | SOD(U/ml) | 258.9 ± 15.32 | 275.7 ± 23.1 | 272.2 ± 17.5 | 260.1 ± 14.58 | 273.08 ± 10.11 |
NOx (μmol/l) | 3.46 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 2.2 | 2.65 ± 1.04††| 1.53 ± 0.7††| 6 ± 1.68* | |
MDA (μmol/l) | 4.86 [4.03, 5.6] | 4.6 [4.2, 6.7] | 4.9 [4.4, 6.1] | 4.6 [4.2,6.1] | 4.5 [4.4, 5.2] | |
Adrenal | SOD(U/ml) | 577.3 ± 77.2 | 572 ± 50.5 | 576.6 ± 85.9 | 460.9 ± 48.4 | 584 ± 135 |
NOx (μmol/l) | 17.6 ± 3.5 | 17.1 ± 3.1 | 15.7 ± 4.2 | 15.3 ± 1.4 | 14.5 ± 2.8 | |
MDA (μmol/l) | 4.5 [4.1, 4.8] | 3.02 [2.6, 3.3] | 2.4 [2.2,3.1] * | 2.06 [1.9, 2.2] *,** | 2.3 [2.1, 2.3] * |