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Table 4 Oxidative stress parameters of organs in different experimental groups

From: The effects of quercetin on seizure, inflammation parameters and oxidative stress in acute on chronic tramadol intoxication

Groups Variable

Control

Tramadol

Tramadol + single Quercetin

Tramadol + chronic quercetin

Tramadol + single Quercetin + Naloxone

Liver

SOD (U/ml)

628.36 [604.3, 712.7]

673.3 [557.5, 686.7]

726.5[580.3, 898.5]

617.8 [594.6, 644.3]

759.4 [590.6, 855.48]

NOx (μmol/l)

15.2 ± 1.8

14.5 ± 2.1

11.7 ± 2.4

10.6 ± 0.5*

12.9 ± 2.5

MDA (μmol/l)

11.9 ± 3.9

8.7 ± 2.2

14.4 ± 2.1**,†,††

9.5 ± 1.5

8.9 ± 3.2

Kidney

SOD(U/ml)

832.2 ± 72.4

665.2 ± 78.7

758.7 ± 117.7

686.4 ± 83.7

741.9 ± 62.7

NOx (μmol/l)

16.1 ± 2.9

21.3 ± 8.3*

16.8 ± 2.2

12.44 ± 1.6**

16.34 ± 1.2

MDA (μmol/l)

20 ± 1.7

19 ± 2.6

21.5 ± 1.8

18.6 ± 2.1

20.7 ± 2.9

Heart

SOD(U/ml)

695.3 ± 183

792.3 ± 136.7

948 ± 95

725.3 ± 268

651 ± 120

NOx (μmol/l)

11.2 [10.6,12.25]

11.06 [9.3, 13.1]

12.6 [10.5,15.6] ††

11.9 [11.9, 14.1] ††

9.5 [7.08, 10.7]

MDA (μmol/l)

17.9 ± 4.2

10.2 ± 2.5*

9.4 ± 0.7*

8.6 ± 0.5*

8.9 ± 0.9*

Cerebellum

SOD(U/ml)

292.3 ± 21.26

319.8 ± 35.5

298.6 ± 19.7

278.9 ± 20.7

295.5 ± 27.06

NOx (μmol/l)

8.08 ± 1.3

7.5 ± 0.6

7.64 ± 1.2

8.49 ± 1.4

8.01 ± 1.5

MDA (μmol/l)

5.6 ± 1.3

4.5 ± 1.1

5.3 ± 0.4

5.8 ± 0.6

5.3 ± 1.5

Cortex

SOD(U/ml)

258.9 ± 15.32

275.7 ± 23.1

272.2 ± 17.5

260.1 ± 14.58

273.08 ± 10.11

NOx (μmol/l)

3.46 ± 0.8

4.1 ± 2.2

2.65 ± 1.04††

1.53 ± 0.7††

6 ± 1.68*

MDA (μmol/l)

4.86 [4.03, 5.6]

4.6 [4.2, 6.7]

4.9 [4.4, 6.1]

4.6 [4.2,6.1]

4.5 [4.4, 5.2]

Adrenal

SOD(U/ml)

577.3 ± 77.2

572 ± 50.5

576.6 ± 85.9

460.9 ± 48.4

584 ± 135

NOx (μmol/l)

17.6 ± 3.5

17.1 ± 3.1

15.7 ± 4.2

15.3 ± 1.4

14.5 ± 2.8

MDA (μmol/l)

4.5 [4.1, 4.8]

3.02 [2.6, 3.3]

2.4 [2.2,3.1] *

2.06 [1.9, 2.2] *,**

2.3 [2.1, 2.3] *

  1. * p < 0.05 significant as compared to the control group
  2. ** p < 0.05 significant as compared to tramadol group
  3. † p < 0.05 significant as compared to Tramadol + chronic Quercetin group
  4. †† p < 0.05 significant as compared to Tramadol + single Quercetin + Naloxone
  5. Statistical comparison between groups was made using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc or Kruskal Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc
  6. Values are mean ± SD or median [IQR]