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Table 5 The associations of the clinical outcomes between PPI and H2RA users among hospitalized patients due to COVID-19

From: Comparative risk of incidence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 among proton pump inhibitor and histamine-2 receptor antagonist short-term users: a nationwide retrospective cohort study

Outcome

Analysis settings

No. of subjects

No. of outcome occurrence

calibrated HR [95% CI]

PPI users

H2RA users

PPI users

H2RA users

All-cause mortality

Unadjusted

371

747

12

30

0.60 (0.30–1.20)

Stratification

371

747

12

30

0.50 (0.26–0.99)

1:4 matchinga

366

719

11

30

0.52 (0.26–1.06)

Outcome

Analysis settings

No. of subjects

No. of outcome occurrence

calibrated HR [95% CI]

PPI users

H2RA users

PPI users

H2RA users

Occurrence of a composite intensive respiratory intervention

Unadjusted

364

737

10

12

1.28 (0.54–3.04)

Stratification

364

737

10

12

1.10 (0.47–2.58)

1:4 matchinga

358

709

9

12

0.98 (0.40–2.39)

  1. Abbreviation: PPI proton pump inhibitor, H2RA histamione-2 receptor antagonist, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aThe propensity matching in secondary analysis included only age, sex, and comorbidity indices