Fig. 1

Cell viability evaluation of human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) after polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p) treatment. HPAEpiCs were exposed to PHMG-p in a 10-point dose for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. All experiments were performed 3 times with biological replicates. Statistically significant differences were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 versus 0 µg/mL 24 h; ^ p < 0.05, ^^ p < 0.01, ^^^ p < 0.001, ^^^^ p < 0.0001 versus 0 µg/mL 48 h; + p < 0.05, +  + p < 0.01, +  +  + p < 0.001, +  +  +  + p < 0.0001 versus 0 µg/mL 72 h.)