Fig. 4

Plasma clotting assays: Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (●) and prothrombin time (♦). A The effect of EA (0 – 2500 µM) on APTT and PT. B The effect of dabigatran, thrombin inhibitor, (0 – 0.75 µM) on APTT and PT. C The effect of rivaroxaban, FXa inhibitor, (0 – 0.5 µM) on APTT and PT. D The effect of AntiF11, FXIa inhibitor, (0 – 5 µg/mL) on APTT and PT. Thrombin and FXa inhibitors affect the two times i.e. APTT and PT because they affect the common coagulation pathway, whereas FXIa inhibitor affects only APTT but not PT, which is indicative of an effect on the intrinsic pathway. FXIIIa inhibitors demonstrate similar phenomenon of human FXIIIa deficiency in which APTT and PT are not affected. See details in Methods