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Table 1 The rules driven from the decision tree model

From: Utility of support vector machine and decision tree to identify the prognosis of metformin poisoning in the United States: analysis of National Poisoning Data System

If acidosis and renal failure occur, patients will develop a major outcome (100%)

1

If acidosis and hypotension occur while renal failure does not occur, patients are more likely to develop major outcomes (64.6%)

2

If acidosis and hypoglycemia are present, while renal failure and hypotension do not occur, patients are more likely to develop major outcomes (50%)

3

If acidosis occurs while renal failure, hypotension and hypoglycemia do not occur, patients are more likely to develop moderate outcomes (86%)

4

If a patient experiences hypoglycemia without acidosis, moderate outcomes are more likely (92.9%)

5

If a patient with an age of more than 59.5 experiences electrolyte abnormalities without acidosis, hypoglycemia, the development of major outcomes is more likely (66.7%)

6

If a patient with an age of less than 59.5 experiences electrolyte abnormalities without acidosis, hypoglycemia, the development of a moderate outcome is very likely (96.9%)

7

If tachycardia and hypertension are present, while acidosis, hypoglycemia and electrolyte abnormalities are not present, patients develop moderate outcomes (100%)

8

If tachycardia is present without acidosis, hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities and hypertension, patients are likely to develop a minor outcomes (50%)

9

If increased creatinine is present, while acidosis, hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities and tachycardia are not present, patients are more likely to develop moderate outcomes (90%)

10

If an elevated anion gap is present, while acidosis, hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities, tachycardia and elevated creatinine are not present, patients develop moderate outcomes (100%)

11

If a patient has an unintentional exposure without hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities, tachycardia, elevated creatinine and elevated anion gap, the patient is more likely to develop minor outcomes (94.6%)

12

If acidosis does not occur, hypoglycemia does not occur, electrolyte abnormality does not exist, tachycardia does not exist, elevated creatinine does not exist, elevated anion gap does not exist, the reason for exposure is not unintentional, other miscellaneous are present, THEN patients are more likely to develop minor outcomes (71%)

13

If hypotension occurs, while acidosis, hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities, tachycardia, elevated creatinine, elevated anion gap do not occur, the reason for exposure is unintentional, other miscellaneous are not present, THEN patients are more likely to develop moderate outcomes (75%)

14

If the cause of exposure is unintentional, and acidosis, hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities, tachycardia, elevated creatinine, elevated anion gap and hypotension do not occur, other miscellaneous are not present, patients are more likely to develop minor outcomes (86.5%)

15