Fig. 3

Fluvastatin-induced BMP2 expression and its effect on chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs. A Relative BMP2 mRNA levels on day 4 during chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs assessed by qRT-PCR; control, fluvastatin, and TGFβ1 groups are shown. Gene expression is given relative to the level in the control group. Error bars denote means ± standard deviation (n = 4). ^*p < 0.05 by Tukey–Kramer test. B Effects of Noggin on gene expression promoted by fluvastatin in chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs assessed by qRT-PCR. Relative ACAN and COL2A1 mRNA levels on day 14 in chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs cultured with or without fluvastatin or Noggin. Gene expression is expressed relative to the level in cells cultured without fluvastatin or Noggin. Error bars denote means ± standard deviation (n = 4). ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 by Tukey–Kramer test