Fig. 4

Effects of MVA or GGPP on fluvastatin-induced gene expression by during chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs. A Relative BMP2 and SOX9 mRNA levels on day 4 and B relative ACAN and COL2A1 mRNA levels on day 7 in chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs cultured with or without fluvastatin, MVA, or GGPP, as determined by qRT-PCR. Gene expression is expressed relative to the level in cells cultured without fluvastatin, MVA, or GGPP. Error bars denote means ± standard deviation (n = 4). ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01 by Tukey–Kramer test