Fig. 5

Effects of fluvastatin on the RhoA activity in chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs. A Levels of GTP-RhoA, total RhoA, and GAPDH on day 1 in chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs cultured with or without fluvastatin, as determined by western blotting. GAPDH was used as a loading control. These blot images were cropped. Error bars denote means ± standard deviation (n = 3). ^*p < 0.05 by Student’s t-test. B Relative BMP2 and SOX9 mRNA levels on day 4 and (C) relative ACAN and COL2A1 mRNA levels on day 7 in chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs cultured with Y27632 or NSC23766, as determined by qRT-PCR. Gene expression is expressed relative to the level in cells cultured without Y27632 or NSC23766. Error bars denote means ± standard deviation (BMP2 and SOX9, n = 4; ACAN and COL2A1, n = 5). ^*p < 0.05 by Tukey–Kramer test