From: Self-medication practices and their characteristics among Iranian university students
Self-medication | Crude OR (CI95%) * | P value | Adjusted OR (CI95%) | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No N (%) | Yes N (%) | ||||||
University (Medical university/Non-medical university (ref)) | 251 (53.6) | 190 (50) | o.865 (0.659, 1.134) | 0.3 | ______ | ___ | |
sex (Male/Female (ref)) | 261 (68.7) | 119 (31.3) | 0.76 (0.57,1.00) | 0.56 | ______ | ___ | |
Economic status (Bad, very bad/Moderate, good, very good (ref)) | 415 (88.7) | 340 (89.5) | 1.09 (0.70, 1.67) | 0.7 | ______ | ___ | |
Have chronic disease (yes/No (ref)) | 12 (2.6) | 26 (6.8) | 2.8 (1.39, 5.60) | 0.004 | 2.4 (1.2, 4.9) | 0.02 | |
Reading/checking the instructions in the prospectus (ever/Never or sometimes (ref)) | 166 (35.5) | 111 (29.2) | 0.75 (0.56, 1.00) | 0.54 | ______ | ___ | |
Heard the expression of rational drug use and rational use of antibiotics before (yes/No (ref)) | 249 (53.2) | 228 (60) | 1.319 (1.003, 1.735) | 0.047 | ______ | ___ | |
Self-medication by antibiotics (yes/No (ref)) | 171 (36.5) | 229 (60.3) | 2.63 (1.99, 3.48) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.2) | 0.002 | |
Store drugs (yes/No (ref)) | 107 (22.9) | 121 (31.8) | 1.58 (1.16, 2.13) | 0.003 | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | 0.008 | |
The number boxes of drugs they have unused or unfinished in their house | None | 93 (19.9) | 44 (11.6) | 1.3 (0.99, 1.66) | 0.05 | ______ | ___ |
1–5 | 209 (44.7) | 136 (35.8) | ______ | ___ | |||
6–10 | 65 (13.9) | 51 (13.4) | ______ | ___ | |||
> 10 | 101 (21.6) | 149 (39.2) | ______ | ___ | |||
Number of boxes of drugs thrown away even without opening the box, since the expiry date has lapsed in the last year | None | 190 (40.6) | 112 (29.5) | 1.33 (1.35,1.57) | < 0.001 | ______ | ___ |
1–3 | 165 (35.3) | 135 (35.5) | ______ | ___ | |||
4–7 | 49 (10.5) | 71 (18.7) | ______ | ___ | |||
8–10 | 26 (5.6) | 24 (6.3) | ______ | ___ | |||
> 10 | 38 (8.1) | 38 (10) | ______ | ___ | |||
Have experience of complication drug (yes / No (ref)) | 179 (38.2) | 164 (43.2) | 1.22 (0.93, 1.62) | 0.15 | ______ | ___ | |
Consulting to a pharmacist if had complication drug (yes/No (ref)) | 10 (2.2) | 12 (3.2) | 1.6 (0.54, 4.44) | 0.41 | ______ | ___ | |
Consulting to a physician if had complication drug (yes / No (ref)) | 250 (54) | 189 (50.3) | 0.98 (51, 1.89) | 0.95 | ______ | ___ | |
Consulting to family if had complication drug (yes/No (ref)) | 20 (4.3) | 22 (5.9) | 1.42 (0.59, 3.42) | 0.43 | ______ | ___ |