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Table 3 Mutagenic effects of tartrazine in meristematic cells of Allium cepa

From: Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells

Treatments

Concentrations

ET (h)

Chromosomal alterations (CA)

Total CA

Micronuclei

c-metaphases

Bridges

Losses

Delays

NC

-

24

0.2 ± 0.5

0.2 ± 0.5

0.25 ± 0.5

0.0 ± 0.0

0.75 ± 0.5

1.40 ± 0.5

PC (ug/mL)

0.006 mg/ml

3.8 ± 0.9a

4.5 ± 0.5a

10.2 ± 0.9a

5.25 ± 2.62a

10.5 ± 1.29a

34.25 ± 4.7a

TRZ (µg/mL)

400 µg/mL

3.0 ± 0.9a

6 ± 4.1a

1.5 ± 1.2b

0.75 ± 0.5b

2.5 ±1.29b

15.04 ± 4.2ab

200 µg/mL

2.3 ± 0.9

6 ± 4.1a

1.0 ± 2.0b

7.0 ± 7.52a

0.5 ± 1.0b

16.75 ± 4.3ab

100 µg/mL

2.2 ± 2.0

4.5 ± 1.7a

1.0 ± 1.41b

0.75 ± 0.95b

0.75 ± 0.95b

9.2 ± 3.5ab

NC

-

72

0.2 ± 0.5

0.15 ± 0.5

0.0 ± 0.0

0.2 ± 0.5

0.4 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.3

PC (µg/mL )

0.006 mg/ml

4.2 ± 0.7a

4.9 ± 0.4a

12.3 ± 1.2a

7.2 ± 1.9a

11.4 ± 0.9a

40.05 ± 4.9a

TRZ (µg/mL)

400 µg/mL

4.0 ± 3.1a

2.5 ± 1.2

2 ± 1.4b

0.25 ± 0.5b

2.0 ± 2.4b

10.75 ± 2.5ab

200 µg/mL

2.7 ± 1.2

4.25 ± 3.0a

0.5 ± 0.5b

0.75 ± 0.5b

0.7 ± 1.5b

9.0 ± 2.2ab

100 µg/mL

2.0 ± 1.41

3.5 ± 1.9a

1.0 ± 1.1b

1.0 ± 2.0b

1.2 ± 1.8b

8.75 ± 1.2ab

  1. Values ​​are mean ± SD; ANOVA one-way, followed by the Tukey post-test; p< 0.05, acompared to the NC and bcompared to the PC group; ET Exposure time, CA Chromosomic alterations, TRZ Tartrazine, NC Vehicle (negative control), PC Positive control (CuSO4.5H2O)