Table 2 Factors associated with mortality using Cox regression analysis for patients who were admitted for stroke at General Hospital Seberang Jaya (n = 185)

Age category

0.907

0.240

≤ 61 years

95

87.9

13

12.1

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

≥ 62 years

90

88.2

12

11.8

1.05

(0.47, 2.32)

0.44

(0.11, 1.72)

Gender

0.896

0.069

Male

92

86.0

15

14.0

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Female

68

82.9

13

17.1

0.95

(0.41, 2.20)

0.26

(0.06, 1.11)

Ethnicity

0.765

0.257

Malay

87

90.6

9

9.4

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Chinese

64

86.5

10

13.5

1.67

(0.64, 4.37)

0.65

(0.19, 2.23)

Indian

25

89.3

3

10.7

1.17

(0.30, 4.52)

0.86

(0.13, 5.63)

Others

9

75.0

3

25.0

1.27

(0.31, 5.13)

0.08

(0.01, 0.95)

Smoking status

0.147

0.124

No

137

85.6

23

14.4

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Yes

48

96.0

2

4.0

0.34

(0.08, 1.46)

0.19

(0.02, 1.57)

Stroke category

< 0.001*

0.004*

Ischemic stroke

171

92.4

14

7.6

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Hemorrhagic stroke

14

56.0

11

44.0

6.60

(2.86, 15.21)

10.61

(2.1, 53.68)

Stroke episode

0.029*

0.245

First

137

93.8

9

6.2

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Recurrent

48

75.0

16

25.0

2.54

(1.10,5.89)

1.99

(0.62, 6.32)

Number of comorbidities

0.148

0.020*

≤ 2comorbidities

107

91.5

10

8.5

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

≥ 3comorbidities

78

83.9

15

16.1

1.18

(0.81, 4.09)

6.60

(1.34, 32.44)

Number of medications

0.129

0.054

≤ 10medications

103

91.2

10

8.8

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

≥ 11medications

82

84.5

15

15.5

0.49

(0.19, 1.23)

0.19

(0.04, 1.03)

Anti-platelets

0.019*

0.068

No

29

63.0

17

37.0

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Yes

156

95.1

8

4.9

0.32

(0.12,0.83)

4.87

(0.89, 26.58)

Statins

< 0.001*

0.050*

No

33

64.7

18

35.3

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Yes

152

95.6

7

4.4

0.18

(0.07,0.44)

0.25

(0.06, 1.00)

Proton pump inhibitors

0.866

0.440

No

49

90.7

5

9.3

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Yes

136

87.2

20

12.8

0.92

(0.33,2.54)

0.50

(0.09, 2.90)

Anti-diabetic

0.278

0.006*

No

112

86.2

18

13.8

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Yes

73

91.3

7

8.8

0.62

(0.26,1.48)

0.13

(0.03, 0.55)

Anti-hypertensive

0.060

0.379

No

127

86.4

20

13.6

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Yes

58

92.1

5

7.9

0.35

(0.12,1.04)

0.52

(0.12, 2.22)

Anti-infective

0.019*

No

150

96.8

5

3.2

1.00

(ref.)

0.009*

1.00

(ref.)

Yes

35

63.6

20

36.4

4.38

(1.45,13.25)

13.10

(1.54, 111.41)