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Fig. 5 | BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology

Fig. 5

From: Vanillic acid alleviates methamphetamine-induced mitochondrial toxicity in cardiac mitochondria via antioxidant activity and inhibition of MPT Pore opening: an in-vitro study

Fig. 5

Inhibitory effect of VA on methamphetamine -induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Cardiac mitochondria were treated/cotreated with methamphetamine, methamphetamine plus various concentrations (10, 50 and 100 µM) of VA and VA (100 µM) alone for 160 min. The level of MDA as indicator of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was measured using TBARS test. Methamphetamine increased MAD contents in cardiac mitochondria. Treatment with VA (100 µM) significantly reduced methamphetamine-induced lipid peroxidation. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *** p < 0.001 versus untreated control; ### p < 0.001 versus methamphetamine group (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests). MDA, malondialdehyde; METH, methamphetamine; VA, Vanillic acid; SD standard deviation

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