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Basic pharmacology

This section considers submissions that focus on receptor pharmacology, signal transduction, pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics relating to all organ systems.

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  1. Bupivacaine blocks many ion channels in the heart muscle, causing severe cardiotoxicity. Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium type 2 channels (SK2 channels) are widely distributed in the heart cells a...

    Authors: Hongfei Chen, Zhousheng Jin, Fangfang Xia and Zhijian Fu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2021 22:15

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. Poor quality medicines have serious implications for public health. The aim of this study was to explore the quality of the antidiabetic pioglitazone, using samples collected in China and Myanmar, and samples ...

    Authors: Mohammad Sofiqur Rahman, Naoko Yoshida, Hirohito Tsuboi, Erina Maeda, Andrea Vanessa Velasco Ibarra, Theingi Zin, Yoshio Akimoto, Tsuyoshi Tanimoto and Kazuko Kimura

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2021 22:12

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Aryl-propionic acid derivatives with ibuprofen as representative drug are very important for therapy, being recommended especially for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. On other hand 1,3-thiazolidine-4-...

    Authors: Ioana-Mirela Vasincu, Maria Apotrosoaei, Sandra Constantin, Maria Butnaru, Liliana Vereștiuc, Cătălina-Elena Lupușoru, Frederic Buron, Sylvain Routier, Dan Lupașcu, Roxana-Georgiana Taușer and Lenuța Profire

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2021 22:10

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Oxidative damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells contributes to the development of age-related macular degeneration, which is among the leading causes of visual loss in elderly people. In the present...

    Authors: Myung Hee Kim, Do-Hun Kim, Su Geun Yang and Dae Yu Kim

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2021 22:7

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Vigabatrin (VGB) is an approved non-traditional antiepileptic drug that has been revealed to have potential for treating brain tumors; however, its effect on ionic channels in glioma cells remains largely uncl...

    Authors: Te-Yu Hung, Huai-Ying Ingrid Huang, Sheng-Nan Wu and Chin-Wei Huang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2021 22:6

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity is a clinically important problem. Up to now, interventive therapy with n-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been considered as a gold-standard treatment for APAP overdose. Ho...

    Authors: Samaneh Nakhaee, Mohammad Dastjerdi, Hesam Roumi, Omid Mehrpour and Khadijeh Farrokhfall

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2021 22:4

    Content type: Research article

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  7. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of carnosine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in Caenorhabditis elegans.

    Authors: Jing Ma, Xiaoyuan Xu, Ranran Wang, Haijing Yan, Huijuan Yao, Hongmei Zhang, Shaowei Jiang and Ajing Xu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:85

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Acute lung injury (ALI) together with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity in patients. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of con...

    Authors: Hassan Ali, Ashrafullah Khan, Jawad Ali, Hadayat Ullah, Adnan Khan, Hussain Ali, Nadeem Irshad and Salman Khan

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:81

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Plants provide a ray of hope to combat the ever increasing antibiotic resistance and Symplocos racemosa is a valuable medicinal plant. The study focused on highlighting the importance of this plant’s phytoconstit...

    Authors: Henna Sood, Yashwant Kumar, Vipan Kumar Gupta and Daljit Singh Arora

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:78

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Imatinib is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent by other isoenzymes, with N-desmethyl imatinib being its major equipotent metabolite. Being a CYP3A4 substrate, imatinib co-administration with CYP3...

    Authors: Ruba S. Darweesh, Tamam El-Elimat, Aref Zayed, Tareq N. Khamis, Wahby M. Babaresh, Tawfiq Arafat and Ahmed H. Al Sharie

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:77

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Currently, there are no effective medications to reverse periodontal disease (PD)-induced bone loss. The objective of this study was to test a new anabolic compound, LLP2A-Ale, or with the combination treatmen...

    Authors: Min Jiang, Lixian Liu, Ruiwu Liu, Kit S. Lam, Nancy E. Lane and Wei Yao

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:76

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Cantharidin (CTD) is a compound which have the potential to be exploited as an antitumor drug, and it has been demonstrated antitumor effects in a variety of cancers. However, the use is limited due to its sev...

    Authors: Haozhen Shao, Lei Dong, Yanyan Feng, Chunhui Wang and Hongxuan Tong

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:71

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective anticancer drug for Gastric cancer (GC) that induces apoptosis by altering pro- (p53) and anti-apoptotic (Akt and NFkB) proteins; however, chemoresistance remains a big challen...

    Authors: Shadia Al-Bahlani, Ikram A. Burney, Buthaina Al-Dhahli, Safiya Al-Kharusi, Fakhra Al-Kharousi, Amani Al-Kalbani and Ikhlas Ahmed

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:64

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Acrylamide (ACR) formed during heating of tobacco and carbohydrate-rich food as well as widely applied in industries has been known as a well-established neurotoxic pollutant. Although the precise mechanism is...

    Authors: Jie Guo, Xiaolu Cao, Xianmin Hu, Shulan Li and Jun Wang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:62

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Non-alcoholic fatty liver is one of the most common comorbidities of diabetes. It can cause disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism in the body, gradually develop into liver fibrosis, and even cause liver ...

    Authors: He Lin, Houlei Teng, Wei Wu, Yong Li, Guangfu Lv, Xiaowei Huang, Wenhao Yan and Zhe Lin

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:59

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) causes the vast proportion of excess mortality for patients with diabetes. Novel therapeutic approaches slowing down its incidence is still lacking. Psoralen is the major active ingre...

    Authors: Yongtao Lin, Lili Zhong, Hailun Li, Yong Xu, Xiang Li and Donghui Zheng

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:52

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Prescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant weight gain and dysli...

    Authors: Xuemei Liu, Xiyu Feng, Chao Deng, Lu Liu, Yanping Zeng and Chang-Hua Hu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:48

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2–3% of the population worldwide. Hyperproliferative keratinocytes were thought to be an amplifier of inflammatory response, thereby sustaining persis...

    Authors: Jintao Gao, Junfan Guo, Yuejuan Nong, Wenfei Mo, Huanan Fang, Jing Mi, Qi Qi and Mengjuan Yang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:41

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Among which nuclear estrogen receptor (nER) negative breast cancer is always with m...

    Authors: Danning Shi, Piwen Zhao, Lixia Cui, Hongbo Li, Liping Sun, Jianzhao Niu and Meng Chen

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:32

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Although recent studies using experimental models of ischemic brain injury indicate that systemically-administered β1-blockers have potential protective effects on the cerebrovascular system, the precise mechanis...

    Authors: Nobumasa Asano, Sohei Hishiyama, Tadahiko Ishiyama, Masakazu Kotoda and Takashi Matsukawa

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:13

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Cyclosporine-A has been regarded as an immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of various immune inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of Cyclosporine-A on the retina of type 2 diabe...

    Authors: Peng Wang, Fei Chen and Xuedong Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:9

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease that comprises several pathological events, such as adipose hypertrophy, fatty liver and insulin resistance. Inflammation is a key contributer to development of thes...

    Authors: Mohammad Alsaggar, Shifa Bdour, Qutaibah Ababneh, Tamam El-Elimat, Nidal Qinna and Karem H. Alzoubi

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:8

    Content type: Research article

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  23. 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbence-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is a polyhydroxyphenolic compound, which exhibited a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-depression, anti-oxidat...

    Authors: Cheng Wang, Yimeng Zhou, Xiaohong Gong, Li Zheng and Yunxia Li

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:7

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Cola nitida is commonly chewed in many West African cultures to ease hunger pangs and sometimes for their stimulant and euphoriant qualities. Metoclopramide is a known substrate for P-gp, SULT2A1 and CYP2D6 and s...

    Authors: Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi and Wisdom Izuchukwu Nwachukwu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:4

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Liver ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage which is frequently seen in clinical hepatobiliary surgeries has no effective treatment for it. Liv-52, known to have hepatoprotective effects, is a natural antioxidant ...

    Authors: Orhan Cimen, Hüseyin Eken, Ferda Keskin Cimen, Arif Burak Cekic, Nezahat Kurt, Asli Ozbek Bilgin, Bahadir Suleyman, Halis Suleyman, Renad Mammadov, Kamil Pehlivanoglu and Eray Kurnaz

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2020 21:2

    Content type: Research article

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  26. T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo.

    Authors: Wei Chen, Xianying Fang, Yuan Gao, Ke Shi, Lijun Sun, Biao Yu, Qiong Luo and Qiang Xu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:86

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Studies have indicated that changed expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in epithelial cells from the kidney could affect the renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). As Angiotensin II (An...

    Authors: Hao Huang, Yanqin Fan, Zhao Gao, Wei Wang, Ning Shao, Lu Zhang, Yingjie Yang, Weifang Zhu, Zhaowei Chen, Jijia Hu and Guohua Ding

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:59

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Among adipose-derived factors, adipocytokines play roles as hormones and signaling mediators for apoptotic pathway. Among of them, vaspin, regulates the metabolism of adipose tissue itself as an endocrine orga...

    Authors: Magdalena Skonieczna, Dorota Hudy, Tomasz Hejmo, Rafal J. Buldak, Małgorzata Adamiec and Michal Kukla

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:58

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Poncirin is flavanone derivative (isolated from Poncirus trifoliata) with known pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-colitic. The present study aimed to exp...

    Authors: Ruqayya Afridi, Ashraf Ullah Khan, Sidra Khalid, Bushra Shal, Hina Rasheed, Muhammad Zia Ullah, Omer Shehzad, Yeong Shik Kim and Salman Khan

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:57

    Content type: Research article

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  30. There are evidences that chlorogenic acid (CGA) has antidepressant effects, however the underlying molecular mechanism has not been well understood. The aim of the study was to explore the neuroprotective effe...

    Authors: Xiaowen Shi, Nian Zhou, Jieyi Cheng, Xunlong Shi, Hai Huang, Mingmei Zhou and Haiyan Zhu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:56

    Content type: Research article

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  31. The investigation of food-drug and plant-drug interactions has become increasingly important. In case of antibiotics, it is essential to achieve and maintain a plasma concentration sufficient for the antimicro...

    Authors: Tivadar Kiss, Zoltán Timár, Andrea Szabó, Anita Lukács, Viktória Velky, Gábor Oszlánczi, Edina Horváth, István Takács, István Zupkó and Dezső Csupor

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:54

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) has been attributed to chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin which adversely affect disease outcome leading to increased cancer related morbidity. The clin...

    Authors: Muhammad Shahid, Fazal Subhan, Nisar Ahmad and Robert D. E. Sewell

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:51

    Content type: Research article

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  33. KCNH family of potassium channels is responsible for diverse physiological functions ranging from the regulation of neuronal excitability and cardiac contraction to the regulation of cancer progression. KCNH c...

    Authors: Ze-Jun Wang, Purushottam B. Tiwari, Aykut Üren and Tinatin I. Brelidze

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:42

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health burden that increases the risk of adverse events. Currently, there is no validated models to predict risk of mortality among CKD patients experienced advers...

    Authors: Monica Danial, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, Ong Loke Meng, Yoon Chee Kin and Amer Hayat Khan

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:41

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are an emerging threat in this century. Epinecidin-1 is a multi-functional Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) has been shown to ha...

    Authors: Alireza Neshani, Hosna Zare, Mohammad Reza Akbari Eidgahi, Azad Khaledi and Kiarash Ghazvini

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:33

    Content type: Research article

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  36. It is an established fact that excess of glucocorticoids could cause the harmful effects, such as suppression on the male reproduction. Although glucocorticoids pharmacologically inhibit the Leydig cell functi...

    Authors: Jingwei Zhang, Guanghui Hu, Bisheng Huang, Dong Zhuo, Yujie Xu, Huitao Li, Xiangcheng Zhan, Ren-Shan Ge and Yunfei Xu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:32

    Content type: Research article

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  37. The activation of neurohumoral compensatory mechanisms is a common physiological phenomenon in heart failure in order to make up for a failing heart, which will usually have a deteriorating effect on overall h...

    Authors: Kawa Dizaye and Rojgar H. Ali

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:23

    Content type: Research article

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  38. The development of heart failure is accompanied by complex changes in cardiac electrophysiology and functional properties of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors hold great pro...

    Authors: Johanna K. Freundt, Gerrit Frommeyer, Tilmann Spieker, Fabian Wötzel, Jochen Schulze Grotthoff, Jörg Stypmann, Georg Hempel, Michael Schäfers, Andreas H. Jacobs, Lars Eckardt and Philipp S. Lange

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:16

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Basic function of bromine in body is to activate pepsin production in gastritis with low acidity. The present study encompasses a broad in vivo study to evaluate gastroprotective activity of a novel dibromo su...

    Authors: Kamelia Saremi, Sima Kianpour Rad, Faezeh Tayeby, Mahmood A. Abdulla, Hamed Karimian and Nazia Abdul Majid

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:13

    Content type: Research article

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  41. There is evidence that atypical antipsychotics (APs) increase risk of osteoporosis in schizophrenia patients, however the mechanism is unclear. The aim of the study was to explore the molecular mechanisms abou...

    Authors: Peifan Li, Yiming Wang, Xingde Liu, Zhen Zhou, Jun Wang, Haiyan Zhou, Lei Zheng and Lixia Yang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:10

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) developed as anti-cancer drugs, also have anti-viral activity due to their ability to disrupt productive replication and dissemination in infected cells. Consequently,...

    Authors: Hari Krishna Ananthula, Scott Parker, Erin Touchette, R. Mark Buller, Gopi Patel, Daniel Kalman, Johanna S. Salzer, Nadia Gallardo-Romero, Victoria Olson, Inger K. Damon, Tessa Moir-Savitz, Larry Sallans, Milton H. Werner, Catherine M. Sherwin and Pankaj B. Desai

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:80

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Ethnicity variation is one of the main factors that may affect drug response in clinical practice. As MTHFR gene affects different transcriptome and proteome which affect the clinical response of drugs. Purpos...

    Authors: Shakir Ullah, Niaz Ali, Adnan Khan, Saad Ali, Haleema Rehna Nazish and Zia Uddin

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:73

    Content type: Research article

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  46. 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) has been extensively studied as a potential therapeutic drug with free radical scavenging, antioxidant and anti-angiogenic effects. However, whether DIM has similar effects on cardi...

    Authors: Qiang Luo, Ankang Yang, Quan Cao and Hongjing Guan

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:71

    Content type: Research article

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  47. An increasing number of studies are investigating the effects of Chinese medicine on hepatic fibrosis, but only few studies have examined the anti-fibrogenic properties of Artesunate (ART). The aim of the pres...

    Authors: Jian Lv, Ruidan Bai, Li Wang, Jiefang Gao and Hong Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:64

    Content type: Research article

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  49. The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate, in different genders, motor responses in surgical colonic specimens from patients with rectal cancer undergoing and not undergoing chemotherapy with ca...

    Authors: Maria Antonietta Maselli, Antonia Ignazzi, Francesco Pezzolla, Annunziata Scirocco, Dionigi Lorusso, Fabrizio De Ponti and Carola Severi

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:49

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Guidelines recommending vancomycin trough concentrations > 10 mg/L in non-deep seated infections are based on expert opinion. The objective of this study was to evaluate patients with non-deep seated infection...

    Authors: Michael Wan, Sandra A. N. Walker, Elaine Martin, Marion Elligsen, Lesley Palmay and Jerome A. Leis

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:47

    Content type: Research article

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