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Clinical pharmacology

This section considers submissions that focus on all areas of clinical pharmacology including rational prescribing, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacovigillance, pharmacoepidemiology and clinical trials.

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  1. Eribulin improves survival in pre-treated HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC). However, limited data exist on co-morbidities and central nervous system (CNS) efficacy. The purpose of this study was to r...

    Authors: Milana Bergamino Sirvén, Adela Fernández-Ortega, Agostina Stradella, Idoia Morilla, Catalina Falo, Silvia Vázquez, Roser Castany, Rafael Villanueva, Sabela Recalde, Valentí Navarro Pérez, Miguel Gil-Gil and Sonia Pernas

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:68

    Content type: Research article

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  2. The management of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producing (KPC) infections represents a major challenge. Several safety and efficacy concerns are shared by available antibiotics used in KPC infections, lead...

    Authors: Milo Gatti, Emanuel Raschi and Fabrizio De Ponti

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:65

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly decreased the morbidity and mortality due to HIV/AIDS. ART regimen change is a major challenge for the sustainability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment p...

    Authors: Zerihun Ataro, Birhanu Motbaynor, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Mekonnen Sisay, Tewodros Tesfa, Habtamu Mitiku, Dadi Marami, Zelalem Teklemariam and Zewdneh Shewamene

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:63

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Cardiovascular events (CVEs) was considered as one of the primary cause to reduce the quality of life in breast cancer patients with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) treatment, which has not been sufficiently addres...

    Authors: Yang He, Jianhua Zhang, Guofang Shen, Lin Liu, Qingwei Zhao, Xiaoyang Lu, Hongyu Yang and Dongsheng Hong

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:62

    Content type: Research article

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  5. In recent years, targeted therapy has received widespread attention. Among these therapies, anti-angiogenic targeted drugs have become one of the hotspots of research. Apatinib is a novel oral small molecule a...

    Authors: Guohui Liu, Chunbo Wang, Yunlong He and Mingyan E

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:61

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting practices by health care professionals remain poor. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are perceived as safe; however, they can also cause ADRs. The objective of this study was ...

    Authors: Josipa Bukic, Doris Rusic, Petar Mas, Deni Karabatic, Josko Bozic, Ana Seselja Perisin, Dario Leskur, Darko Krnic, Sinisa Tomic and Darko Modun

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:60

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Pharmaceutical opioid analgesic use continues to rise and is associated with potentially preventable harm including hospitalisation for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Spatial detection of opioid-related ADRs c...

    Authors: Wei Du, Shanley Chong, Andrew J. McLachlan, Lan Luo, Nicholas Glasgow and Danijela Gnjidic

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:55

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Apixaban effectively lowers the risk of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Systemic exposure to a given apixaban dose depends on multiple clearance pathway...

    Authors: Andrea Huppertz, Caspar Grond-Ginsbach, Chris Dumschat, Kathrin I. Foerster, Jürgen Burhenne, Johanna Weiss, David Czock, Jan C. Purrucker, Timolaos Rizos and Walter E. Haefeli

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:53

    Content type: Case report

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  9. Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics for psychotic disorders provide advantages in treatment compliance, but data on their use in pregnancy are very limited. We present a clinical case of aripiprazole L...

    Authors: Isabel Ballester-Gracia, Miriam Pérez-Almarcha, Ana Galvez-Llompart and Miguel Hernandez-Viadel

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:52

    Content type: Case report

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  10. Tigecycline, the first glycylcycline-class drug, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms. We describe a case of sustained and severe hypoglycemia in a patient ...

    Authors: Yixin Chen, Lin Li, Nan Zhang and Hong Li

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:50

    Content type: Case report

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  11. The progress of mass, community-directed, treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) for onchocerciasis control was disrupted by severe adverse effects (SAE) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study aimed at...

    Authors: Jean-Claude Makenga Bof, Daniel Muteba, Paul Mansiangi, Félicien Ilunga-Ilunga and Yves Coppieters

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:49

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a significant health issue affecting Aboriginal Australians. Long-term hearing loss can cause communication problems, educational disadvantage, and social isolation. ...

    Authors: Christine Wigger, Amanda Jane Leach, Jemima Beissbarth, Victor Oguoma, Ruth Lennox, Sandra Nelson, Hemi Patel, Mark Chatfield, Kathy Currie, Harvey Coates, Keith Edwards, Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Kim Hare, Paul Torzillo, Steven Tong and Peter Morris

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:46

    Content type: Study protocol

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  13. Pneumonia patients are usually hospitalized due to severe nature of the disease or for the management of comorbid illnesses or associated symptoms. Such patients are prescribed with multiple medications which ...

    Authors: Sidra Noor, Mohammad Ismail and Zahid Ali

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:45

    Content type: Research article

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  14. This analysis was designed to investigate the relationship between drug application and mortality rate in Chinese older coronary artery disease (CAD)/chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with and without low g...

    Authors: Shihui Fu, Ping Ping, Ping Ye and Leiming Luo

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:44

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Treatment guidelines suggest either a low-dose or high-dose approach when prescribing amikacin for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM PD), but data supporting the low-dose approach are limited...

    Authors: Maria Luisa Aznar, Theodore K. Marras, Ahmed Said Elshal, Mahtab Mehrabi and Sarah K. Brode

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:37

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) present a significant source of adverse drug reactions. Despite being one of the commonly cited risks to patient safety, prevention of DDIs still poses a challenge to healthcare s...

    Authors: Anna Somogyi-Végh, Zsófia Ludányi, Ábel Erdős and Lajos Botz

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:36

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Wound infections are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Specifically, surgical site infections are the third most commonly reported nosocomial infections accounting approximat...

    Authors: Mekonnen Sisay, Teshager Worku and Dumessa Edessa

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:35

    Content type: Research article

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  18. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between statin use and new-onset diabetes in clinical settings and to assess its effect modification (heterogeneity) among patients with various medical...

    Authors: Keiko Yamazaki, Yasuo Takahashi, Kotoe Teduka, Tomohiro Nakayama, Yayoi Nishida and Satoshi Asai

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:34

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are clinically significant dose-related adverse effects associated with second-line anti-tubercular injectables drugs (aminoglycosides and capreomycin) used during intensive phas...

    Authors: Workineh Shibeshi, Anandi N. Sheth, Addisu Admasu, Alemseged Beyene Berha, Zenebe Negash and Getnet Yimer

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:31

    Content type: Research article

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  20. To investigate the one-year visual and anatomical outcomes of combination therapy with intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

    Authors: Hsin-Yu Weng, Tzu-Lun Huang, Pei-Yao Chang and Jia-Kang Wang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:29

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Thromboprophylaxis dosing strategies using enoxaparin in elderly patients with renal disease are limited, while dose adjustments or monitoring of anti-Xa levels are recommended. We sought to evaluate the effic...

    Authors: Nibal Chamoun, Hady Ghanem, Ahmad Hachem, Essa Hariri, Christelle Lteif, Hanine Mansour, Hani Dimassi, Richard Zalloum and Georges Ghanem

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:27

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Daptomycin is an important drug used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. A high dose of daptomycin is indicated for an MRSA infection with a minimum inhibitory concen...

    Authors: Yi-Chien Lee, Pao-Yu Chen, Jann-Tay Wang and Shan-Chwen Chang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:25

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Monitoring the safety of antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains a challenge in resource-constrained countries such as Eritrea due to their serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study was aimed at assessing...

    Authors: Lidya Hagos, Siyoma Fessehaye and Indermeet Singh Anand

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:24

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a significant cause of emergency department (ED) visits, with a major impact on healthcare resource utilization. A multicentre observational study, aimed to describe frequency, s...

    Authors: Ivan Lo Giudice, Eleonora Mocciaro, Claudia Giardina, Maria Antonietta Barbieri, Giuseppe Cicala, Maria Gioffrè-Florio, Giuseppe Carpinteri, Aulo Di Grande, Edoardo Spina, Vincenzo Arcoraci and Paola Maria Cutroneo

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:21

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Tigecycline, with broad in vitro antibacterial activity, has been widely used off-label for nosocomial pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB). However, many concerns have been ra...

    Authors: Yangang Zhou, Xumin Chen, Ping Xu, Yan Zhu, Kuangguo Wang, Daxiong Xiang, Feng Wang and Hoan Linh Banh

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:19

    Content type: Research article

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  26. The effects of β blockers on the primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity were controversial.

    Authors: Yingxu Ma, Fan Bai, Fen Qin, Jiayi Li, Na Liu, Dongping Li, Tengfang Li, Hui Xie, Da Liu, Shenghua Zhou and Qiming Liu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:18

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are newer oral anti-diabetic agents which have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In...

    Authors: Dan Liu, Biao Jin, Wei Chen and Peng Yun

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:15

    Content type: Research article

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  28. True hypersensitivity reactions to rifampicin are relatively rare, nonetheless severe manifestations mostly involving a single organ have been documented. We report a case of acute multi-organ failure occurrin...

    Authors: Lisa Brockhaus, Yasmin Schmid, Anna C. Rast, Alexandra E. Rätz Bravo, Kathrin Scherer Hofmeier and Anne B. Leuppi-Taegtmeyer

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:9

    Content type: Case report

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  29. This active, open observational study aimed to investigate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with six commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in southern Chinese outpatients with epilepsy from 2003 to ...

    Authors: Yanru Du, Jiahe Lin, Jingzan Shen, Siqi Ding, Mengqian Ye, Li Wang, Yi Wang, Xinshi Wang, Niange Xia, Rongyuan Zheng, Hong Chen and Huiqin Xu

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:7

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Nausea is more difficult to control than vomiting in chemotherapy. We therefore analyzed the efficacy of a strong supportive treatment with aprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone against nausea for variou...

    Authors: Naohisa Yoshida, Tetsuya Taguchi, Masayoshi Nakanishi, Ken Inoue, Tetsuya Okayama, Takeshi Ishikawa, Eigo Otsuji, Koichi Takayama, Haruo Kuroboshi, Motohiro Kanazawa and Yoshito Itoh

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:6

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Fibrosis is a response to chronic liver disease that results in excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and formation of scar tissue. Fibrosis represents a clinical challenge of worldwide signi...

    Authors: Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Miguel Dibildox-Martinez, Jahir Sosa-Noguera, Ramón Sánchez-Medal and Francisco J. Flores-Murrieta

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:5

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:14

  32. Methotrexate is an important component in many chemotherapy protocols. The blood concentration of Methotrexate is used to determine the regimen of folinic acid. However, the lower limit of Siemens assay kit is...

    Authors: Xiaoping Shi, Hui Gao, Zhong Li, Jinghua Li, Yang Liu, Lujuan Li and Qi Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:3

    Content type: Technical advance

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  33. 2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a selective scavenger of dicarbonyl electrophiles that protects proteins and lipids from being modified by these electrophiles. It is currently being developed for use as a nut...

    Authors: Lisa M. Pitchford, John A. Rathmacher, John C. Fuller Jr, J. Scott Daniels, Ryan D. Morrison, Wendall S. Akers, Naji N. Abumrad, Venkataraman Amarnath, Patricia M. Currey, L. Jackson Roberts, John A. Oates and Olivier Boutaud

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2019 20:1

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug which is used to treat and prevent several dysrhythmias. This includes ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, wide complex tachycardia, as well as atrial fibrillation (A...

    Authors: Egle Karinauske, Silvijus Abramavicius, Greta Musteikiene, Edgaras Stankevicius, Jurgita Zaveckiene, Vidas Pilvinis and Edmundas Kadusevicius

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:88

    Content type: Case report

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  36. Aging population, is a reality in many countries because of improvement in the health care, patient safety and other supplemental factors. Pharmacotherapy in this population must be evaluated due to their high...

    Authors: Faisal Shakeel, Muhammad Aamir, Ahmad Farooq Khan, Tayyiba Nader Khan and Samiullah Khan

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:85

    Content type: Research article

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  37. There is little information on the frequency of drug incompatibilities in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and the agents most commonly involved in them. The objective of the study was to characterize pote...

    Authors: Ramon Weyler Leopoldino, Haline Tereza Costa, Tatiana Xavier Costa, Rand Randall Martins and António Gouveia Oliveira

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:83

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Mirtazapine is a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant; its pharmacological profile indicates a low risk for dopaminergic adverse effects. To date, there has been only a single case report of ...

    Authors: Yuji Yamada, Harumasa Takano, Maki Yamada, Naoko Satake, Naotsugu Hirabayashi, Mitsutoshi Okazaki and Kazuyuki Nakagome

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:82

    Content type: Case report

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  39. The use of isavuconazole is approved for the management of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis, only in adults, as no paediatric pharmacology studies have been reported to date. Very few paediatric cases h...

    Authors: Marjorie Cornu, Bénédicte Bruno, Séverine Loridant, Pauline Navarin, Nadine François, Fanny Lanternier, Elisa Amzallag-Bellenger, François Dubos, Françoise Mazingue and Boualem Sendid

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:81

    Content type: Case report

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  40. Pazopanib is indicated in the first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). The aim of this study was to review the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib and see how these aspects ...

    Authors: María José Méndez-Vidal, Áurea Molina, Urbano Anido, Isabel Chirivella, Olatz Etxaniz, Eva Fernández-Parra, Marta Guix, Carolina Hernández, Julio Lambea, Álvaro Montesa, Álvaro Pinto, Silverio Ros and Enrique Gallardo

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:77

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Severe systemic reactions resembling septic shock have been described following trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) administration. Nearly all cases described in the literature occurred in HIV-infected pat...

    Authors: Patricia Liu, Gregory P. Ranches and Jeffrey A. Gold

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:76

    Content type: Case report

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  42. Diffuse alveolar bleeding is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be induced by several drugs. Whereas fatal cases have been reported in patients treated for other indications, no report have so f...

    Authors: Aija Zuleron Myro, Gisle Bjerke, Svetozar Zarnovicky and Trygve Holmøy

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:75

    Content type: Case report

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  43. Drug induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare complication and often underdiagnosed. DIIHA is frequently associated with a bad outcome, including organ failure and even death. For the last decades, ce...

    Authors: Hans Benno Leicht, Elke Weinig, Beate Mayer, Johannes Viebahn, Andreas Geier and Monika Rau

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:67

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  44. Children are subject to varying drug pharmacokinetics which influence plasma drug levels, and hence treatment outcomes especially for drugs like efavirenz whose plasma concentrations are directly related to tr...

    Authors: Selemani Saidi Sungi, Eliford Ngaimisi, Nzovu Ulenga, Philip Sasi and Sabina Mugusi

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:66

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Generic drugs may help to support antiretroviral treatment. We want to assess the efficacy and safety at 24 weeks of the change of coformulated (abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir) to (abacavir + lamivudine)...

    Authors: Julián Olalla, Javier Pérez-Stachowski, Begoña Tortajada, Alfonso Del Arco, Efrén Márquez, Javier De la Torre, Miriam Nieto, José María García de Lomas, José Luis Prada and Javier García-Alegría

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:63

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Valproic acid (VPA) and warfarin are commonly prescribed for patients with epilepsy and concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF). When VPA and warfarin are prescribed together, clinically important interactions ma...

    Authors: Chenguang Zhou, Yi Sui, Weijin Zhao, Chunyao Dong, Li Ren, Pingmei Song, Bing Xu and Xiaohong Sun

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:60

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  47. Efficacy trials showed that glucagon-like peptide–1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists reduced metabolic risk factors in addition to glucose lowering, but the cardiovascular and microvascular efficacy of this drug clas...

    Authors: Xiaowen Zhang, Fei Shao, Lin Zhu, Yuyang Ze, Dalong Zhu and Yan Bi

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:58

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Self-medication is the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders and/or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for recurrent disease or symptoms. This phenomenon is alarmingly...

    Authors: Mekonnen Sisay, Getnet Mengistu and Dumessa Edessa

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:56

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Recently, several newer antiplatelet treatment strategies have been used in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Apart from the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of aspirin and clopidogrel, d...

    Authors: Xiaojun Zhuo, Bi Zhuo, Shenyu Ouyang, Pei Niu and Mou Xiao

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 19:54

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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