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  1. Access to good-quality medicines in many countries is largely hindered by the rampant circulation of spurious/falsely labeled/falsified/counterfeit (SFFC) and substandard medicines. In 2006, the Ministry of He...

    Authors: Naoko Yoshida, Mohiuddin Hussain Khan, Hitomi Tabata, Eav Dararath, Tey Sovannarith, Heng Bun Kiet, Nam Nivanna, Manabu Akazawa, Hirohito Tsuboi, Tsuyoshi Tanimoto and Kazuko Kimura
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:13
  2. Bone graft substitute such as calcium sulfate are frequently used as carrier material for local antimicrobial therapy in orthopedic surgery. This study aimed to assess the systemic absorption and disposition o...

    Authors: Françoise Livio, Peter Wahl, Chantal Csajka, Emanuel Gautier and Thierry Buclin
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:12
  3. Because of relatively small treatment numbers together with low adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting rates the timely identification of ADRs affecting children and young people is problematic. The primary obj...

    Authors: Angela Peichen Sun, Bradley Kirby, Corri Black, Peter John Helms, Marion Bennie and James Stuart McLay
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:11
  4. Pain is characterized as a complex experience, dependent not only on the regulation of nociceptive sensory systems, but also on the activation of mechanisms that control emotional processes in limbic brain are...

    Authors: Gulnazi Gurtskaia, Nana Tsiklauri, Ivliane Nozadze, Marina Nebieridze and Merab G Tsagareli
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:10
  5. Filgrastim or methionyl-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Met-G-CSF), is a recombinant therapeutic protein widely used to treat severe neutropenia caused by myelosuppressive drugs in patients with nonmyel...

    Authors: Davide Crobu, Gaia Spinetti, Rodolfo Schrepfer, Giancarlo Tonon, Gloria Saccani Jotti, Pierluigi Onali, Simona Dedoni, Gaetano Orsini and Andrea Di Stefano
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:7
  6. The irrational overuse of antibiotics should be minimized as it drives the development of antibiotic resistance, but changing these practices is challenging. A better understanding is needed of practices and e...

    Authors: Do Thi Thuy Nga, Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc, Nguyen Phuong Hoa, Nguyen Quynh Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thuy Nguyen, Hoang Thi Loan, Tran Khanh Toan, Ho Dang Phuc, Peter Horby, Nguyen Van Yen, Nguyen Van Kinh and Heiman FL Wertheim
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:6
  7. Due to the recent European legislations posing a ban of animal tests for safety assessment within the cosmetic industry, development of in vitro alternatives for assessment of skin sensitization is highly priorit...

    Authors: Ann-Sofie Albrekt, Henrik Johansson, Anna Börje, Carl Borrebaeck and Malin Lindstedt
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:5
  8. Drug use evaluation is a performance improvement method that focuses on evaluating and improving drug use process to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Drug use evaluation helps in identifying, preventing or re...

    Authors: Berhanu Geresu, Desye Misganaw and Yeshiwork Beyene
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:4
  9. Since the skin represents a common site of adverse drug reactions, few data are reported at this time regarding the development of skin rash during the treatment with antidiabetic drugs.

    Authors: Laura Mumoli, Antonio Gambardella, Angelo Labate, Elena Succurro, Giovambattista De Sarro, Franco Arturi and Luca Gallelli
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:3
  10. CLP is an orally administered, non-absorbed, superabsorbent polymer being developed to increase fecal excretion of sodium, potassium and water in patients with heart failure and end-stage renal disease. This s...

    Authors: Lee W Henderson, Howard C Dittrich, Alan Strickland, Thomas M Blok, Richard Newman, Thomas Oliphant and Detlef Albrecht
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:2
  11. Oxaliplatin-based regimens induce a potential risk of hypersensitivity reaction (HSR), with incidence varying from 10% to 25% and lack of clearly identified risk factors. The present study aimed to assess inci...

    Authors: Marie Parel, Florence Ranchon, Audrey Nosbaum, Benoit You, Nicolas Vantard, Vérane Schwiertz, Chloé Gourc, Noémie Gauthier, Marie-Gabrielle Guedat, Sophie He, Eléna Kiouris, Céline Alloux, Thierry Vial, Véronique Trillet-Lenoir, Gilles Freyer, Frédéric Berard…
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 15:1
  12. The gut microbiota is critical for intestinal homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed the links between different types of dysbiosis and diseases inside and outside the intestine. Environmental exposure to p...

    Authors: Jérôme Breton, Sébastien Massart, Peter Vandamme, Evie De Brandt, Bruno Pot and Benoît Foligné
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:62
  13. Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is a leading cause of severe neuropsychological impairments. Peripheral nerve injury has rarely been reported. It consists usually in a demyelinating polyneuropathy or mononeu...

    Authors: Mounia Rahmani, Halima Belaidi, Maria Benabdeljlil, Wafa Bouchhab, Nadia El Jazouli, Asmae El Brini, Saadia Aidi, Reda M Ouazzani and Mustapha El Alaoui Faris
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:61
  14. Indoxyl sulfate (IS), an organic anion uremic toxin, promotes the progression of renal dysfunction. Some studies have suggested that IS inhibits osteoclast differentiation and suppresses parathyroid hormone (P...

    Authors: Young-Hee Kim, Kyung-Ah Kwak, Hyo-Wook Gil, Ho-Yeon Song and Sae-Yong Hong
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:60
  15. Patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) exhibit changes in extracellular fluid that may alter the plasma concentrations of beta-lactams and result in therapeutic failure or toxicity. We evaluated the pharmacoki...

    Authors: José C Álvarez, Sonia I Cuervo, Javier R Garzón, Julio C Gómez, Jorge Augusto Díaz, Edelberto Silva, Ricardo Sánchez and Jorge A Cortés
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:59
  16. Chemotherapy-induced hair loss (alopecia) (CIA) is one of the most feared side effects of chemotherapy among cancer patients. There is currently no pharmacological approach to minimize CIA, although one strate...

    Authors: Zeina Nasr, Lukas E Dow, Marilene Paquet, Jennifer Chu, Kontham Ravindar, Ragam Somaiah, Pierre Deslongchamps, John A Porco Jr, Scott W Lowe and Jerry Pelletier
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:58
  17. Studies have shown that statins have pleiotropic effects on inflammation and coagulation; which may affect the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the a...

    Authors: Shmeylan A Al Harbi, Mohammad Khedr, Hasan M Al-Dorzi, Haytham M Tlayjeh, Asgar H Rishu and Yaseen M Arabi
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:57
  18. Psychotropic drugs are widely used among old people with dementia but few studies have described long-term treatment in this group of patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the long-term use of psy...

    Authors: Maria Gustafsson, Stig Karlsson, Yngve Gustafson and Hugo Lövheim
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:56
  19. After the clinical impact of the A(H1N1) pdm09 virus was considered to be mild, treatment with antiviral drugs was recommended only to patients who were at risk for severe disease or who had a complicated cour...

    Authors: Mariëtte Hooiveld, Tine van de Groep, Theo JM Verheij, Marianne AB van der Sande, Robert A Verheij, Margot AJB Tacken and Gerrit A van Essen
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:55
  20. Dipyrithione (PTS2) is widely used as a bactericide and fungicide. Here, we investigated whether PTS2 has broad-spectrum antitumor activity by studying its cytotoxicity and proapoptotic effects in four cancer ...

    Authors: Yumei Fan, Caizhi Liu, Yongmao Huang, Jie Zhang, Linlin Cai, Shengnan Wang, Yongze Zhang, Xianglin Duan and Zhimin Yin
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:54
  21. There is a loss of lean body mass (LBM) with increasing age. A low LBM has been associated with increased adverse effects from prescribed medications such as chemotherapy. Accurate assessment of LBM may allow ...

    Authors: Solomon Yu, Thavarajah Visvanathan, John Field, Leigh C Ward, Ian Chapman, Robert Adams, Gary Wittert and Renuka Visvanathan
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:53
  22. 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) has been a component of dietary supplements and is also used within "party pills," often in conjunction with alcohol and other drugs. Ingestion of higher than recommended doses res...

    Authors: Brian K Schilling, Kelley G Hammond, Richard J Bloomer, Chaela S Presley and Charles R Yates
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:52
  23. CR8 is a second generation inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases derived from roscovitine. CR8 was shown to be 50–100 fold more potent than roscovitine in inducing apoptosis in different tumor cell lines. In t...

    Authors: Hatem Sallam, Ibrahim El-Serafi, Laurent Meijer and Moustapha Hassan
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:50
  24. Nebivolol is a third-generation beta-blocker used to treat hypertension. The vasodilation properties of nebivolol have been attributed to nitric oxide (NO) release. However, the kinetics and mechanism of nebiv...

    Authors: R Preston Mason, Robert F Jacob, J Jose Corbalan, Damian Szczesny, Kinga Matysiak and Tadeusz Malinski
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:48
  25. Raltegravir (Isentress®)(RALT) has demonstrated excellent efficacy in both treatment-experienced and naïve patients with HIV-1 infection, and is the first strand transfer integrase inhibitor to be approved for...

    Authors: Maria Luisa Dupuis, Alessandro Ascione, Lucia Palmisano, Stefano Vella and Maurizio Cianfriglia
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:47
  26. Drug-induced cardiac toxicity has been implicated in 31% of drug withdrawals in the USA. The fact that the risk for cardiac-related adverse events goes undetected in preclinical studies for so many drugs under...

    Authors: Ahmed E Enayetallah, Dinesh Puppala, Daniel Ziemek, James E Fischer, Sheila Kantesaria and Mathew T Pletcher
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:46
  27. Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide, which not only leads to acute organ damage, but also to pulmonary fibrosis. There are only anecdotal reports of rescue lung transplantation, as paraquat is stored and only...

    Authors: Anna Bertram, Sascha Sebastian Haenel, Johannes Hadem, Marius M Hoeper, Jens Gottlieb, Gregor Warnecke, Stanislav Kaschinski, Carsten Hafer, W Nikolaus Kühn-Velten, Detlef Günther and Jan T Kielstein
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:45
  28. After several exploratory and confirmatory clinical trials, the intralesional administration of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (hrEGF) has been approved for the treatment of advanced diabetic foot u...

    Authors: Isis B Yera-Alos, Liuba Alonso-Carbonell, Carmen M Valenzuela-Silva, Angela D Tuero-Iglesias, Martha Moreira-Martínez, Ivonne Marrero-Rodríguez, Ernesto López-Mola and Pedro A López-Saura
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:44
  29. Tocopheryl acetate is viscous oily fluid used in a range of preparations for skin and scalp care in Italy. Observational and in vitro data have suggested a high level of efficacy against head louse infestation. T...

    Authors: Ian F Burgess, Nazma A Burgess and Elizabeth R Brunton
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14:43
  30. Authors: Rebecca Ritchie, Jennifer Irvine, Nga Cao, Swati Gossain, Amy Alexander, Jane Love, Chengxue Qin, John D Horowitz and Barbara K Kemp-Harper
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14(Suppl 1):P56

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 1

  31. Authors: Nisha Perez, Christopher Graul, Peter Germano, Erik Solberg, Samuel Rivers, Robert Solinga, Joel Moore, Gerhard Hannig, Ada Silos-Santiago, Robert Busby and Daniel Zimmer
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14(Suppl 1):P54

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 1

  32. Authors: Toshio Nishikimi, Yasuaki Nakagawa, Naoto Minamino, Masashi Ikeda, Toshihiko Ishimitsu, Chinatsu Yamada, Kazuhiro Nakao, Takeya Minami, Yoshihiro Kuwabara, Hideyuki Kinoshita, Koichiro Kuwahara, Kenji Kangawa and Kazuwa Nakao
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 14(Suppl 1):P50

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 1

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