Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study Year Country | No. of patients | Mean age (years) (mean ± SD) | Gender (M/F) | Type | Outcome | Location Method | Adverse events(n) | Doses (U) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mancini [40] 2003 Italy | BoNT: 10 Placebo: 10 | 69.6 ± 6.1 69.1 ± 6 | 6/4 5/5 | A | DSFS | Ultrasound guidance | No reported (0) | 225 | |
Ondo [42] 2004 USA | BoNT: 8 Placebo: 8 | 68.8± 10.2 72.0± 13.0 | 13/3 | B | DSFS Drooling Rating Scale Scintigraphy (103 CT/MCI) Dysphagia Scale | Anatomic markers | Dry mouth (3) Worsened gait (2) Diarrhea (1) Neck pain (1) | 2500 | |
Lagalla [43] 2006 Italy | BoNT: 16 Placebo:16 | 69.4 ± 5.5 70.5 ± 5.5 | 13/3 11/5 | A | VAS-D score UPDRS-ADL drooling Item | Anatomic markers | Swallowing (1) | 100 | |
Lagalla [44] 2009 Italy | BoNT: 18 Placebo: 18 | 73.1 ± 5.8 70.8 ± 6 | 14/4 12/6 | B | DSFS UPDRS-ADL Drooling Item | Anatomic markers | Swallowing (3) | 4000 | |
Chinnapongse [45] 2012 USA | BoNT: 14 Placebo: 15 | 67.6±7.07 71.2±11.64 | 12/2 13/2 | B | DSFS Drooling Rating Scale Visual analog scale | Anatomic markers | Dry mouth (2) serious (0) | 1500 | |
Chinnapongse2 [45] 2012 USA | BoNT: 12 Placebo: 15 | 71.8± 8.17 71.2±11.64 | 12/12 13/2 | B | DSFS Drooling Rating Scale Visual analog scale | Anatomic markers | Dry mouth (3) Serious (1) | 2500 | |
Chinnapongse3 [45] 2012 USA | BoNT: 13 Placebo:15 | 74.1±5.47 71.2±11.64 | 11/2 13/2 | B | DSFS Drooling Rating Scale Visual analog scale | Anatomic markers | Dry mouth (1) Serious (1) | 3500 | |
Narayanaswami [37] 2015 USA | BoNT: 9 Placebo:9 | 86±0.92 | 6/3 | A | DSFS Saliva weight | No detailed | Difficulty chewing (1) Thick saliva (1) | 100 | |
Narayanaswami [46] 2016 USA | BoNT: 9 Placebo: 9 | 64.7 ± 4.8 70.8± 12.3 | 6/3 | A | DSFS | Anatomic markers | Chewing (1) | 100 | |
Janne [47] 2018 Estonia | BoNT: 12 Placebo:13 | 57.7 ± 9.6 63.7 ± 8.1 | 9/3 7/6 | A | Resting saliva formation time Amount of 5-min collected saliva PH | Ultrasound guidance | Saliva thickening (1) | 250 | |