Table 2 Prevalence of DRP according to PAIR criteria for 104 CKD patients (N = 495)
Drug-related problem | N (%) |
|---|---|
Inadequate use (inappropriate dosage or contraindicated agent) | 4 (0.8) |
The patient is receiving a medication that is not indicated, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory | 2 (0.4) |
The patient is receiving too high a dose of pregabalin | 1 (0.2) |
The patient is receiving too high a dose of fenofibrate nanocrystals | 1 (0.2) |
Interaction and drug taken inadequately | 15 (3.0) |
The patient is experiencing a drug interaction between calcium and iron P.O. taken concomitantly | 8 (1.6) |
The patient is experiencing a drug interaction between his phosphate binder (calcium carbonate, sevelamer or lanthanum and levothyroxine) | 7 (1.4) |
Problems related to an over-the-counter medication or a natural health product | 2 (0.4) |
The patient is taking a purgative not indicated for kidney. | 2 (0.4) |
Clinically significant DRPs not requiring a pharmaceutical intervention for patient follow-up in a multidisciplinary predialysis clinic | 474 (95.8) |
The patient needs a drug treatment, bicarbonate of soda, because he has metabolic acidosis (HCO3 < 20 mmol/L) and does not present any contra-indications to bicarbonates | 22 (4.4) |
The patient needs a drug treatment, a hematopoietic agent, because his hemoglobin < 100 g/L and all other causes of anemia have been eliminated, but he is not receiving it | 26 (5.3) |
The patient needs a drug treatment, a statin, to treat his dyslipidemia (LDL > 2.0 mmol/L) and for appropriate cardiovascular prevention, but he is not receiving it | 73 (14.7) |
A patient with non-diabetic neuropathy whose urinary albumin/urinary creatinine ratio is > 200 mg/g, needs drug treatment (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker) to slow progression of his chronic kidney disease, but he is not receiving it | 96 (19.4) |
The patient needs a drug treatment, a phosphate binder (calcium, sevelamer or lanthanum carbonate), because his serum phosphate is higher than normal values for a patient with chronic kidney disease despite an appropriate diet | 60 (12.1) |
The patient requires drug therapy with vitamin D (cholecalciferol, calciferol) because his serum 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L, and he is in stage 3 or 4 CKD | 82 (16.6) |
The patient requires drug therapy with vitamin D (calcitriol or alfacalcidol) because he has hyperparathyroidism | 100 (20.2) |
The patient needs hypoglycaemic drug therapy because his glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is > 7% despite an appropriate diet | 12 (2.4) |
The patient needs drug therapy with sodium polystyrene sulfonate to treat is hyperkalemia (K + > 5.5 mmol/L) | 3 (0.6) |