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Our previous clinical trial showed that etomidate requirements to reach an appropriate level of anesthesia in patients with obstructive jaundice were reduced, which means that these patients are more sensitive...
The study aims to investigate the apoptotic effects of combining LBH589 and AM1241 (a selective CB2 receptor agonist) on cervical cancer cells and elucidating the mechanism of this combined therapy, which may ...
Deferoxamine (DFO) angiogenesis induction potential has been demonstrated in earlier studies, but not in the osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In this study, we evaluated the outcome of ONFH treated wi...
Gut dwelling microbes provide profound biochemical advantages to the host, including nutrient and drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. It is an emerging understanding that drug-response bias (particular...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be produced from aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) administration. Although berberine (BER) acts as an anticancer agent and can counteract the AFB1 effect, it has low bioavailability. Nano...
drug overdose is a common type of medication error, which caused significant patient injuries and economic losses. To determine which drugs are reported most frequently in association with drug overdose, a com...
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-019-0335-5.
The rapid worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused a global health challenge with high mortality of severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19. To date, there is no specific efficient therapeutics for seve...
There is a possibility for exposed lactating mammalians to transfer some contaminants to their milk. This study aimed to determine the levels and changes of Zearalenone (ZEN), Deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins f...
The biosimilar landscape for malignancies continues to grow, with several biosimilars for reference product bevacizumab currently available. Bevacizumab has been shown to be well tolerated; however, the safety...
Good-quality drugs that fulfill the regulatory parameters and are produced per the current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) standards are very critical for the best therapeutic outcomes. However, the variety...
Drug overdose (OD) deaths in the U.S. continue to rise. After opioids, benzodiazepines (BZD) are the medication most commonly involved in prescription overdoses, yet OD risk factors among those prescribed BZD ...
Methamphetamine is widely abused in all parts of the world. It has been reported that short-term and long-term methamphetamine exposure could damage the dopaminergic system and induce cardiomyopathy and cardio...
Many trials supported pembrolizumab as a first-line monotherapy to significantly improve overall survival (OS) in selected patients with previously untreated metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (mNSCLC) and ...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic hepatic disorder. The naturally occurring phytosterol; β-sitosterol has antiobesogenic and anti-diabetic properties. The purpose of this s...
The plants Aloe weloensis, Lepidium sativum, and Lobelia gibberoa have been used in Ethiopian folklore medicine to treat various diseases including malaria.
First-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as erlotinib, have been shown to target tumors with L858R (exon 21) and exon 19 deletions, resulting in significan...
Stroke is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, with significant public health implications both globally and in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-stroke survivability as well as ...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects from children to adults widely, presenting symptoms such as pruritus, erythema, scaling, and dryness. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpeno...
Medical therapies can cause cardiotoxicity. Chloroquine (QC) and hydroxychloroquine (HQC) are drugs used in the treatment of malaria and skin and rheumatic disorders. These drugs were considered to help treatm...
Previous studies on animal models have suggested that δ-opioid receptor (OR) signaling is the primary pathway responsible for opioids' cardioprotective effect. We hypothesize that the μ-OR's activation protect...
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is hypothesized to be in the center of COVID pathophysiology as the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) represents the main entrance of the virus, thus there is a...
Standard doses of second-generation H1-antihistamines (sgAHs) as first-line treatment are not always effective in treating chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), and hence an increase in the dose of sgAHs is recomm...
Since the warnings by the United States (US) and European regulatory authorities in 2004 and 2005 it had been discussed whether there is some link between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and su...
Oral insulin administration has recently become one of the most exciting research subjects. Different approaches have been carried out to get an effective oral insulin delivery system using nanotechnology. The...
The anti-osteosarcoma effects of hydrocortisone and thiram, an inhibitor of type 2 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD2), have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of...
The severe unfavorable effects of doxorubicin on the heart restrict its clinical usage. Numerous investigations document that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) activator of interferon genes (STING) cascade influe...
The original article was published in BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2023 24:1
Anabolic steroids (AS) are commonly abused by body builders and athletes aiming to increase their strength and muscle mass but unfortunately, the long-term use of AS may lead to serious side effects. Nandrolon...
Cisplatin is a widely used and effective chemotherapeutic agent for most solid malignant tumors. However, cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is a common adverse effect that limits the therapeutic efficacy of tumors...
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare but serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) commonly associated with bisphosphonate and denosumab therapy. Prior research utilized an online, public FDA Adverse Event Repor...
Voriconazole is a second-generation triazole that is used to prevent and treat invasive fungal infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic equivalency of a test formulation and re...
Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel), as a special targeted preparation of paclitaxel, has the advantages of good curative effect and less side effects in anti-tumor therapy. The existence of the plasma-p...
Chlorine is a chemical threat agent that can be harmful to humans. Inhalation of high levels of chlorine can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment, and effective antido...
Neurotoxicity is a severe side effect of platinum compounds used for cancer chemotherapy such as Cisplatin. This neurotoxicity leads to severe cognitive and nervous dysfunction, therefore, limiting the dose of...
The study was aimed at evaluating the bioequivalence and safety of oseltamivir phosphate for suspension, provided by Shenzhen Beimei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and manufactured by Hetero Labs Limited, and the ref...
Seizures are considered to be the most common symptom encountered in emergency- rushed tramadol-poisoned patients; accounting for 8% of the drug-induced seizure cases. Although, diazepam clears these seizures,...
WIN55, 212–2 mesylate is a synthetic cannabinoid (SC) agonist of CB1 and CB2 receptors with much higher affinity to CB1 receptor than tetrahydrocannabinol and many potential therapeutic effects. Few studies ha...
Ezetimibe is a new class of antihyperlipidemic agent indicated for the prevention of atherosclerosis disease and for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Information on the pharmacokinetic profiles of ezetim...
Poisoning is a major health problem especially in developing countries and leads to high morbidity and mortality.
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a bio-effective component of Licorice. The GA is a monomer and the ingredient is an Oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenes that has been used as a remedy for years. Due to the abuse ...
The original article was published in BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2022 23:81
Regulations have broadened to allow moderate sedation administration for gastrointestinal endoscopy by non-anesthesia personnel. The line between moderate and deep sedation is ambiguous. Deep sedation offers p...
The literature recommends against the use of fondaparinux in patients with kidney failure and dialysis as it may, with repeated dosing, accumulate and put patients at risk of bleeding. The management of patien...
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum anti-tumor drug, but its clinical application is greatly limited because of the cardiotoxicity. Thus, exploration of effective therapies against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity...
The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2023 24:18
The xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA), a commonly used industrial chemical, has been linked to endocrine disruption. The point of the study was to consider the effects of chronic BPA exposure on the respiratory s...
Irrational prescription has a lion share for uncontrolled blood pressure. There is no study assessing prescription pattern among hypertensive patients at the study sites. Therefore, the objective of the curren...
Several studies worldwide have investigated household product poisoning. We conducted a toxico-clinical study on the two-year prevalence of poisoning with household products.
Among the food additives used in the food industry, food dyes are considered the most toxic. For instance, tartrazine (TRZ) is a food colorant commercially available with conflicting data regarding its cytotox...
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