Drug 1 - Drug 2 | Potential adverse consequence of the interaction | Prevalence per 100000 prescriptions (Number of cases) | R2 | Change 2013–2016 (%) | Interaction rate* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | ||||
Nitratesa - PDE-5 inhibitorsb | Hypotension | 0.06 (95) | 0.05 (82) | 0.06 (97) | 0.08 (135) | LP | LP | 0.04, 1.03 | 0.04, 0.81 | 0.05, 0.71 | 0.07, 0.90 |
MAO inhibitorsc - SSRIsd | Serotonin toxicity | 4.09 (7118) | 4.21 (7365) | 4.19 (7382) | 3.96 (6980) | 0.07 | DNF | 44.92, 3.74 | 46.96, 3.92 | 49.51, 3.93 | 46.03, 3.72 |
MAO inhibitorsc - Tricyclic antidepressantse | Serotonin toxicity | 0.32 (551) | 0.26 (446) | 0.36 (631) | 0.53 (933) | 0.67 | DNF | 3.48, 3.51 | 2.84, 2.94 | 4.23, 4.13 | 6.15, 5.52 |
MAO inhibitorsc - Narcotic analgesicsf | Serotonin toxicity | 2.02 (3516) | 2.16 (3770) | 2.41 (4245) | 2.41 (4252) | 0.90 | + 21 | 22.19, 2.50 | 24.04, 2.52 | 28.47, 2.89 | 28.04, 2.90 |
MAO inhibitorsc - Triptansg | Serotonin toxicity | 0.01 (22) | 0.01 (13) | 0.01 (13) | 0.01 (16) | LP | LP | 0.14, 0.38 | 0.08, 0.21 | 0.08, 0.18 | 0.10, 0.21 |
MAO inhibitorsc - Amphetamine derivativesh | Serotonin toxicity | 0.00 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.00 (0) | LP | LP | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 |
QT prolonging agentsi - QT prolonging agentsi | Potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmia | 6.50 (11301) | 6.52 (11401) | 6.23 (10963) | 5.63 (9925) | 0.76 | −12 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Vitamin K antagonistsj - NSAIDsk | Bleeding | 44.53 (77442) | 49.46 (86478) | 57.10 (100563) | 54.42 (95977) | 0.77 | + 24 | 41.38, 11.23 | 46.66, 12.28 | 55.36, 13.75 | 53.94, 12.95 |
Vitamin K antagonistsj - Fibric acid derivativesl | Bleeding | 16.02 (27854) | 15.67 (27395) | 15.13 (26639) | 14.56 (25677) | 0.98 | −8 | 14.88, 38.12 | 14.78, 38.88 | 14.66, 38.54 | 14.43, 37.29 |
Vitamin K antagonistsj - Barbituratesm | Reduced anticoagulant effect | 0.47 (823) | 0.62 (1079) | 0.58 (1020) | 0.78 (1376) | 0.81 | + 67 | 0.44, 15.54 | 0.58, 21.81 | 0.56, 16.73 | 0.77, 17.72 |
Simvastatin - CYP3A4 inhibitorsn | Statin toxicity (e.g. rhabdomyolysis) | 13.81 (24013) | 11.14 (19471) | 8.96 (15774) | 7.33 (12921) | 0.99 | −46 | 18.89, 20.39 | 18.87, 16.49 | 18.95, 13.57 | 18.07, 12.52 |
Theophylline - Ciprofloxacin | Theophylline toxicity (e.g. seizures, hypotension) | 2.81(4884) | 2.65 (4626) | 2.62 (4620) | 2.19 (3870) | 0.81 | −21 | 5.33, 8.86 | 5.14, 8.24 | 5.25, 8.47 | 4.64, 7.80 |
Theophylline - Fluvoxamine | Theophylline toxicity (e.g. seizures, hypotension) | 0.15 (261) | 0.12 (200) | 0.06 (111) | 0.24 (414) | 0.14 | DNF | 0.25, 7.97 | 0.20, 6.88 | 0.11, 4.49 | 0.45, 19.10 |
Tizanidine - CYP1A2 inhibitorso | Tizanidine toxicity (e.g. hypotension, drowsiness) | 0.73 (1262) | 0.70 (1228) | 0.67 (1172) | 0.72 (1262) | 0.03 | DNF | 8.55, 1.23 | 8.57, 1.21 | 8.53, 1.19 | 7.87, 1.36 |
Alprazolam - Azole antifungalsp | Benzodiazepine toxicity | 2.15 (3739) | 2.48 (4335) | 2.42 (4260) | 2.33 (4110) | 0.26 | DNF | 0.71, 13.35 | 0.79, 14.61 | 0.80, 13.97 | 0.78, 13.98 |
Ergot alkaloidsq - CYP3A4 inhibitorsr | Ergot toxicity | 0.14 (244) | 0.15 (260) | 0.13 (224) | 0.11 (196) | 0.70 | −19 | 2.95, 0.34 | 3.27, 0.35 | 2.96, 0.30 | 2.67, 0.30 |
Thiopuriness - Xanthine oxidase inhibitorst | Thiopurine toxicity (e.g. bone marrow suppression) | 0.17 (297) | 0.21 (365) | 0.27 (472) | 0.31 (546) | 0.99 | + 84 | 5.46, 0.13 | 6.36, 0.15 | 7.97, 0.18 | 8.75, 0.20 |
Methotrexate - Trimethoprim | Methotrexate toxicity (e.g. bone marrow suppression) | 0.00 (6) | 0.00 (7) | 0.01 (11) | 0.01 (9) | LP | LP | 0.19, 0.02 | 0.23, 0.03 | 0.32, 0.04 | 0.27, 0.03 |
Digoxin - Clarithromycin | Digoxin toxicity | 0.07 (115) | 0.05 (83) | 0.03 (56) | 0.04 (65) | LP | LP | 0.60, 0.27 | 0.49, 0.19 | 0.36, 0.12 | 0.47, 0.19 |
Total | 99.28 (172673) | 101.84 (178055) | 105.79 (186309) | 100.18 (176686) | 0.21 | DNF |