Table 1 Prehospital drugs and clinical characteristics of the study population and in study patients according to hyponatremia (N = 565)
From: Furosemide and spironolactone doses and hyponatremia in patients with heart failure
Clinical characteristics | All patients | Hyponatremic patients (N = 183) | Non-hyponatremic patients (N = 382) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years ± SD) | 73.1 ± 10.6 | 74.3 ± 9.4 | 72.9 ± 10.5 | 0.15 |
Male gender (%) | 62.6 | 62.3 | 63.4 | 0.81 |
LVEF ≤45% (%) | 41.1 | 48.1 | 37.7 | 0.02* |
Previous AMI (%) | 20.5 | 24.6 | 18.6 | 0.10 |
Arterial hypertension (%) | 66.9 | 63.4 | 68.6 | 0.22 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 33.8 | 38.8 | 34.4 | 0.08 |
Kidney failure (%) | 28.2 | 31.7 | 26.4 | 0.19 |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 30.3 | 33.3 | 23.8 | 0.01* |
Current smokers (%) | 14.5 | 20.2 | 11.8 | 0.01* |
Atrial fibrillation/ flutter (%) | 49.5 | 41.5 | 53.4 | 0.008* |
Prehospital medication (%) | ||||
Furosemide | 60.3 | 64.5 | 58.4 | 0.17 |
Hydrochlorothiazide | 16.5 | 14.8 | 17.2 | 0.45 |
Spironolactone | 17.9 | 24.6 | 14.7 | 0.004* |
β-blocker | 55.4 | 51.9 | 57.1 | 0.25 |
Calcium antagonist | 20.5 | 19.1 | 21.2 | 0.14 |
ARB | 10.9 | 13.1 | 9.9 | 0.26 |
ACEI | 40.7 | 39.3 | 41.4 | 0.65 |
Aspirin | 31.1 | 27.9 | 32.7 | 0.24 |
Digoxin | 22.5 | 25.1 | 21.2 | 0.30 |
Coadministration of diuretics (%)a | ||||
Furosemide + spironolactone | 16.5 | 23 | 13.1 | 0.003* |
Furosemide + hydrochlorothiazide | 6.2 | 7.7 | 5.8 | 0.39 |
Furosemide + hydrochlorothiazide + spironolactone | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.78 |