Fig. 4

Effect of Tiotropium/olodaterol on CSE-mediated MMP change in BEAS-2B cells. BEAS-2B cells were pretreated with tiotropium/olodaterol for 4 h, followed by treatment with or without 5% CSE for 24 h. The cells were then stained with JC-1 and analyzed using flow cytometry. FL1-H fluorescence represents those with a depolarized mitochondrial membrane, and FL2-H fluorescence represents cells with normal mitochondria membrane potential. Tio: tiotropium; Olo: Olodaterol