Comparative risk of incidence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 among proton pump inhibitor and histamine-2 receptor antagonist short-term users: a nationwide retrospective cohort study

Table 2 The associations of the risk of COVID-19 infection between PPI and H₂RA users

Analysis settings	No. of subjects		No. of outcome occurrence		calibrated HR [95% CI]
Analysis settings	PPI users	H₂RA users	PPI users	H₂RA users	calibrated HR [95% CI]
Unadjusted	26,166	62,629	96	104	1.49 (0.66–3.36)
Stratification	26,166	62,629	96	104	1.03 (0.51–2.08)
1:4 matching	26,166	62,117	96	104	0.81 (0.30–2.19)
Analysis settings	No. of subjects		No. of outcome occurrence		calibrated HR [95% CI]
Analysis settings	PPI users	Non-users	PPI users	Non-users	calibrated HR [95% CI]
Unadjusted	26,044	74,975	113	3012	0.43 (0.11–1.61)
Stratification	26,044	74,975	113	3012	0.50 (0.17–1.52)
1:4 matching	22,765	71,408	111	2848	0.47 (0.17–1.29)
Analysis settings	No. of subjects		No. of outcome occurrences		calibrated HR [95% CI]
Analysis settings	H₂RA users	Non-users	H₂RA users	Non-users	calibrated HR [95% CI]
Unadjusted	51,545	64,013	112	2616	0.30 (0.09–0.96)
Stratification	51,545	64,013	112	2616	0.46 (0.15–1.43)
1:4 matching	29,845	64,013	107	2616	0.48 (0.17–1.37)

Abbreviation: PPI proton pump inhibitor, H₂RA histamione-2 receptor antagonist, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval

ISSN: 2050-6511