Fig. 4

Oxidative Stress Markers. Cisplatin administration caused a significant increase in Nitrous oxide (NO) levels and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain tissue. Treatment with both extracts caused a reduction of these levels back to normal. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and Catalase activity (CAT) levels were significantly lower than normal in the Cisplatin group. Treatment with Urchin extracts increased the levels of GSH significantly above normal levels. NO, MDA, CAT, and GSH levels were significantly different from those of the cisplatin treated group (#### p-value < 0.0001). (n = 6, *p-value < 0.05; **p-value < 0.01; ***p-value < 0.001; **** p-value < 0.0001)