Fig. 3

Partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) from ¹H NMR spectra of urine samples of the rats. The animals were exposed to three pesticides diazinon, dimethoate, and cypermethrin alone or in combination for 28 consecutive days, and then the 24 h-urine samples were collected and analyzed by an NMR spectrometer. Scores plot (a) and the loadings plot (b) for these models were used to distinguish which metabolites were the most significant in terms of describing this separation. Abbreviations: CYP, cypermethrin; DIM, dimethoate; DZN, diazinon; MIX, mixture of CYP, DIM, and DZN