Metabolomic analysis of the serum and urine of rats exposed to diazinon, dimethoate, and cypermethrin alone or in combination

Table 2 Summary of significantly changed urinary and serum metabolites from the rats treated with pesticides

Major metabolites		¹H Chemical shifts (ppm)	DZN	DIM	CYP	MIX
Urine	Citrate	2.57, 2.69 (d)	↓*	↓*	↓	-
	2-OG	2.45, 3.01 (d)	-/↓	↓*	↓	↓
	Creatinine	3.05, 3.92 (d)	-/↓	↓*	-	↓
	3-HB	1.18 (d)	-/↓	-	↑	↑*
Serum	Isoleucine	1.26 (m)	-	↓	↓	↓
	Lactate	1.33, 4.12 (d)	-	↓	↓	↓*
	Taurine	3.25, 3.41 (d)	-/↓	↓	↑	↑
	NAC	2.13 (s)	-/↓	↑	↑	↑*

Note: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; m, multiplet. Changes are relative to control samples: “-”, no change; “↓”, decrease; “↑”, increase. The integral values for each segmented region of chemical shift were represented for each metabolite resonance. One-way ANOVA was used to assess for statistical significance of the integral values of assigned spectral peaks among the groups. * p < 0.05, compared with the control. Abbreviations: 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate; 3-HB, 3-hydroxybutyric acid; NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine; CYP, cypermethrin; DIM, dimethoate; DZN, diazinon; MIX, mixture of CYP, DIM, and DZN.

ISSN: 2050-6511