Fig. 7

The effect of I/R injury and amlodipine treatment on autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and apoptosis in the kidney. I/R injury decreased bcl2/bax (&&&&, p < 0.0001), LC3-II/LC3-I (&&&, p < 0.001), TFAM/β-actin (&, p < 0.05), and PGC-1α/β-actin (&&&, p < 0.001). In contrast, treatment with amlodipine significantly increased bcl2/bax (**, p < 0.01), LC3-II/LC3-I (**, p < 0.01), TFAM/β-actin (*, p < 0.05), and PGC-1α/β-actin (***, p < 0.001). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVAs) followed by post hoc Tukey’s tests was used to compare the groups. Charts are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 3)