Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all patients

Age (years)

57.4 ± 14.2

62.2 ± 12.7

61.2 ± 13.3

0.087

BMI (kg/m²)

23.9 ± 4.1

24.1 ± 3.2

24.1 ± 3.9

0.899

Female / Male

74 / 34

75 / 33

80 / 36

0.993

Smoking (n, %)

34 (31.5%)

35 (32.4%)

22 (18.2%)

0.164

History of motion sickness

0.506

 YES

44

42

36

 NO

64

66

80

ASA Score

0.813

 ASA = 2

76

75

86

 ASA = 3

32

33

30

Type of surgery

 THA

52

45

64

0.245

 TKA

56

63

52

Number of comorbidities

0.518

 1

42

52

50

 ≥ 2

8

12

14

Operation time (min)

77.4 ± 20.9

77.7 ± 26.2

78.3 ± 19.3

0.973

Anesthesia time (min)

126.7 ± 28.7

123.9 ± 31.1

122.1 ± 22.0

0.688

PACU time (min)

72.7 ± 47.4

78.0 ± 38.9

75.0 ± 36.0

0.72

Sufentanil (ug)

24.3 ± 3.4

24.6 ± 3.3

24.6 ± 5.6

0.888

Remifentanil (mg)

0.6 ± 0.1

0.6 ± 0.2

0.6 ± 0.3

0.530

Propofol (mg)

202.8 ± 109.4

206.0 ± 129.9

225.0 ± 122.1

0.565

Midazolam (mg)

2.1 ± 0.5

2.1 ± 0.5

2.3 ± 0.8

0.059

Atracurium (mg)

13.6 ± 2.6

13.9 ± 3.0

13.3 ± 3.8

0.511

Sevoflurane (ml)

30.8 ± 6.6

30.2 ± 9.5

28.6 ± 7.2

0.341