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Table 3 Cumulative penetration of Huperzine A (\({\bar{\text{x}}} \pm {\text{s}}\), n = 3)

From: Preparation and evaluation of transdermal permeation of Huperzine A ethosomes gel in vitro

t/h

Huperzine A/μg · cm−2

Ethosomes gel

ordinary gel

cream

0.5

0.504 ± 0.012

0.056 ± 0.006

0.182 ± 0.014

1

1.982 ± 0.188

1.820 ± 0.198

0.448 ± 0.046

2

5.443 ± 0.507

2.646 ± 0.191

1.134 ± 0.227

4

10.114 ± 0.266

6.538 ± 0.770

3.990 ± 0.352

6

15.792 ± 1.491

9.590 ± 0.899

6.790 ± 0.468

8

20.832 ± 1.760

13.818 ± 1.112

9.422 ± 0.837

10

23.856 ± 2.304

15.946 ± 1.348

11.648 ± 0.972

12

27.552 ± 2.789

17.682 ± 1.690

14.182 ± 1.428

24

40.992 ± 4.826

21.490 ± 1.988

16.800 ± 1.571

  1. T-test (Q24): Ethosomes gel vs. Ordinary gel, p = 0.0029 (p < 0.01)
  2. T-test (Q24): Ethosomes gel vs. cream, p = 0.0012 (p < 0.01)