Table 2 IR and HR of CKD/ESRD associated with SGLT2i use in patients with DM stratified by demographics and comorbidities

Sex

Female

21.69

16.41

0.64 (0.42, 0.98)*

0.71 (0.43, 1.17)

Male

39.09

11.9

0.42 (0.29, 0.62)***

0.29 (0.17, 0.48)***

Age, years

20–39

10.26

9.45

1.28 (0.21, 7.67)

0.90 (0.06, 14.58)

40–59

20.87

12.01

0.52 (0.32, 0.84)**

0.54 (0.29, 1.00)

≥ 60

37.76

15.9

0.48 (0.34, 0.69)***

0.40 (0.26, 0.62)***

Comorbidities

 HT

No

20.99

12.74

0.73 (0.33, 1.61)

0.58 (0.16, 2.07)

Yes

31.15

14.32

0.48 (0.36, 0.65)***

0.44 (0.31, 0.63)***

 HL

No

50.61

2.77

0.27 (0.12, 0.62)**

0.05 (0.01, 0.36)**

Yes

27.93

15.53

0.56 (0.41, 0.75)***

0.53 (0.37, 0.76)***

 Stroke

No

27.88

14.51

0.55 (0.40, 0.76)***

0.50 (0.34, 0.75)***

Yes

38.61

13.01

0.37 (0.19, 0.69)**

0.31 (0.15, 0.64)**

 Asthma

No

30.22

14.64

0.54 (0.40, 0.74)***

0.46 (0.31, 0.67)***

Yes

30.39

12.44

0.36 (0.18, 0.73)**

0.40 (0.18, 0.89)*

 COPD

No

24.2

12.71

0.59 (0.42, 0.82)**

0.51 (0.33, 0.79)**

Yes

49.2

18.4

0.36 (0.21, 0.61)***

0.35 (0.20, 0.64)***

 ARD

No

29.3

13.26

0.49 (0.37, 0.67)***

0.43 (0.30, 0.62)***

Yes

52.89

34.49

0.63 (0.25, 1.56)

0.55 (0.17, 1.76)